1534

Updated on Oct 09, 2024

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Year 1534 (MDXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–June

January 15 – Parliament of England passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession recognising the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their children as the legitimate heirs to the throne.

February 23 – A group of Anabaptists, led by Jan Matthys, seize Münster in Westphalia and declare it "The New Jerusalem", begin to exile dissenters and forcibly baptize all others.

April 5 (Easter Sunday) – Anabaptist Jan Matthys is killed by the Landsknechte, who lay siege to Münster on the day he predicted as The Second Coming of Christ. His follower John of Leiden takes control of the city.

April 7 – Sir Thomas More confined in the Tower of London

May 10 – Jacques Cartier explores Newfoundland while searching for the Northwest Passage.

June 9 – Jacques Cartier is the first European to discover the Saint Lawrence River.

June 23 – Copenhagen opens its gates to Count Christopher of Oldenburg leading the army of Lübeck (and the Hanseatic League), nominally in the interests of the deposed King Christian II of Denmark. The surrenders of Copenhagen and, a few days later, of Malmö represent the high point of the Count's War for the forces of the League. These victories presumably lead the Danish nobility to recognize Christian III as King on July 4.

June 29 – Jacques Cartier discovers the Prince Edward Island.

July–December

July 4 – Election of Christian III as King of Denmark and Norway in the town of Rye.

July 7 – The first known exchange occurs between Europeans and natives of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in New Brunswick.

August 15 – Ignatius of Loyola and six others take the vows that lead to the establishment of the Society of Jesus in Montmartre (Paris).

August 26 – Piero de Ponte becomes the 45th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller.

October 13 – Pope Paul III succeeds Pope Clement VII as the 220th pope.

October 18 – Huguenots post placards all over France attacking the Catholic Mass, provoking a violent sectarian reaction.

November 3–December 18 – The English Reformation Parliament passes the Act of Supremacy establishing Henry VIII as supreme head of the Church of England.

December 6 – Over 200 Spanish settlers led by conquistador Sebastián de Belalcázar found what is now Quito, Ecuador.

Date unknown

Act for the Submission of the Clergy confirmed by the Parliament of England, requiring churchmen to submit to the king and forbidding the publication of ecclesiastical laws without royal permission.

Manco Inca Yupanqui is crowned as Sapa Inca in Cusco, Peru by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in succession to his brother Túpac Huallpa (d. October 1533).

Cambridge University Press is given a Royal Charter by Henry VIII of England and becomes the first of the privileged presses.

Gargantua is published by François Rabelais.

Martin Luther's translation of the complete Christian Bible into German is printed by Hans Lufft in Wittenberg, adding the Old Testament and Apocrypha to Luther's 1522 translation of the New Testament and including woodcut illustrations.

First book printed in Yiddish (in Kraków), Mirkevet ha-Mishneh, a Tanakh concordance by rabbi Asher Anchel, translating difficult phrases in biblical Hebrew.