Discovered by S. Arend MPC designation 1313 Berna Minor planet category main-belt · Eunomia Orbits Sun Asteroid group Asteroid belt | Discovery date 24 August 1933 Discovered 24 August 1933 Moon S/2004 (1313) 1 | |
Alternative names 1933 QG · 1926 EAA911 OA Discovery site Royal Observatory of Belgium Similar 1089 Tama, Asteroid belt, 1338 Duponta, Solar System, 283 Emma | ||
1313 Berna, provisional designation 1933 QG, is a binary Eunomian asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, approximately 15 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 24 August 1933, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at the Uccle Observatory in Belgium, and named for the Swiss capital of Bern. Berna's 2004-discovered synchronous moon measures approximately 11 kilometers.
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Description
Berna is a member of the Eunomia family, a prominent group of stony S-type asteroids and the largest family in the intermediate main-belt. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.1–3.2 AU once every 4 years and 4 months (1,581 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.21 and an inclination of 13° with respect to the ecliptic. In 1911, Berna was first identified as A911 OA at Johannesburg. Its observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Uccle.
A network of astronomers at several observatories including Raoul Behrend at Geneva Observatory, Switzerland, obtained the so-far best rated rotational light-curve of Berna. Light-curve analysis gave a rotation period of 7001254640000000000♠25.464 hours with a brightness variation of 0.28 magnitude (U=3). In November 2007, photometric observations at Cerro Tololo, Chile, using its 0.9-meter Prompt5 telescope in combination with the Spitzer Space Telescope gave a concurring period of 25.46 hours with an amplitude of 0.5 magnitude (U=n.a.). Other light-curves were also obtained by several amateur astronomers giving a period of 6 , 25.4 and 25.45 hours, respectively (U=1/2-/3-).
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Berna measures between 13.12 and 19.96 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.12 and 0.245. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.21 – derived from 15 Eunomia, the family's largest member and namesake – and calculates a diameter of 13.88 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 11.6.
Asteroid moon
In 2004, a satellite orbiting the asteroid was discovered. The moon, designated S/2004 (1313) 1, measures about 11 kilometers in diameter and orbits Berna at a distance of 35 kilometer once every 25 hours and 28 minutes. Since the lightcurve is synchronized with the eclipse events, at least one body of the binary system rotates synchronously with the orbital motion. It was identified based on light-curve observations taken in February 2004 by several astronomers, including Raoul Behrend at Geneva Observatory, Stefano Sposetti, René Roy, Donald Pray, Christophe Demeautis, Daniel Matter, Alain Klotz and others. Although the IAUC was released on 23 February 2004, the announcement was already made on 12 February 2004. There are several hundreds of asteroids known to have satellites (also see Category:Binary asteroids).
Naming
The minor planet was named after the Swiss capital city of Bern. The name was proposed by Sigmund Mauderli (1876–1962), astronomer and director of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Bern, after whom 1748 Mauderli is named. He computed the definitive orbit of the body, and also insisted to rename the minor planet to its current name, after it had been originally published as "Bernia". Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 120).