Coat of arms Flag Federal subject Smolensk Oblast Urban settlement Yelninskoye Local time Sunday 1:10 AM | Country Russia Administrative district Yelninsky District Area 15 km² | |
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Administrative center of Yelninsky District, Yelninskoye Urban Settlement Weather 1°C, Wind N at 11 km/h, 72% Humidity | ||
Yelnya (Russian: Е́льня) is a town and the administrative center of Yelninsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, located on the Desna River, 82 kilometers (51 mi) from Smolensk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 10,095 (2010 Census); 10,798 (2002 Census); 9,868 (1989 Census).
Contents
- Map of Yelnya Smolensky Russia 216330
- Etymology
- History
- Administrative and municipal status
- Economy
- References
Map of Yelnya, Smolensky, Russia, 216330
Etymology
Yelnya's name is likely related to the Russian word "ель"('yel', lit. fir tree) or "елань" (yelan', lit. land cleared from forest).
History
It was first mentioned in the historical documents in 1150 when according to the order of knyaz Rostislav of Smolensk it was to pay a tax of four grivnas and a fox skin.
The settlement shared the history of the Smolensk lands—it paid duty to the Golden Horde, then was captured by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was returned to Russia with the rest of the Smolensk Voivodeship at the close of the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667. In 1776, it was granted town status and became the seat of an uyezd.
In 1812, during the French invasion of Russia, Yelnya became an important center of the partisan movement. During the counter-offensive campaign, Mikhail Kutuzov's headquarters were located here.
During the Great Patriotic War, Yelnya was a place of several important battles. On August 30, 1941, it became the place of the Yelnya Offensive, the first successful offensive operation of Soviet troops in the Great Patriotic War.
In 1942, Yelninsky District became a part of the so-called "Dorogobuzh Partisan Krai". The German garrison in the town was not able to control the rural territories which were effectively under the partisan control. In March 1942, partisans even liberated the town, killing more than a thousand German troops, but in three days on March 18, 1942 they were forced to retreat back to the forests.
289 Jews used to live in Yelnya in 1939 but in March 1942, 230 Jews were shot by German units in a mass execution.
In August 1943, Yelnya played the key part in the Battle of Smolensk. On August 30, Germans were forced to abandon Yelnya, sustaining heavy casualties. This started a full-scale German retreat from the area. By September 3, Soviet forces reached the eastern shore of the Dnieper.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Yelnya serves as the administrative center of Yelninsky District. As an administrative division, it is, together with ten rural localities, incorporated within Yelninsky District as Yelninskoye Urban Settlement. As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban settlement status and is a part of Yelninsky Municipal District.
Economy
The town has a cheese factory, large bakery, brick factory, and a few stores.