Species Human Entrez 7498 | Human Mouse Ensembl ENSG00000158125 | |
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Aliases XDH, XO, XOR, xanthine dehydrogenase External IDs OMIM: 607633 MGI: 98973 HomoloGene: 324 GeneCards: XDH | ||
Xanthine dehydrogenase, also known as XDH, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the XDH gene.
Contents
Function
Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum-containing hydroxylases involved in the oxidative metabolism of purines. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification.
Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the following chemical reaction:
The three substrates of this enzyme are xanthine, NAD+, and H2O, whereas its three products are urate, NADH, and H+.
This enzyme participates in purine metabolism.
Nomenclature
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, to be specific, those acting on CH or CH2 groups with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include NAD+-xanthine dehydrogenase, xanthine-NAD+ oxidoreductase, xanthine/NAD+ oxidoreductase, and xanthine oxidoreductase.
Clinical significance
Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase cause xanthinuria, may contribute to adult respiratory stress syndrome, and may potentiate influenza infection through an oxygen metabolite-dependent mechanism.