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Wayland the Smith

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In Norse mythology, Wayland the Smith (Old English: Wēland; Old Norse: Völundr, Velentr; Old High German: Wiolant ; Proto-Germanic: *Wēlandaz; variously Galan and Galand in French; from *Wēla-nandaz, lit. "battle-brave") is a legendary master blacksmith, described by Jessie Weston as "the weird and malicious craftsman, Weyland". In Old Norse sources, Völundr appears in Völundarkviða, a poem in the Poetic Edda, and in Þiðrekssaga, and his legend is also depicted on Ardre image stone VIII. In Old English sources, he appears in Deor, Waldere and in Beowulf and the legend is depicted on the Franks Casket. He is mentioned in the German poems about Theoderic the Great as the Father of Witige.

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Toponyms

Wayland is associated with Wayland's Smithy, a burial mound in the Berkshire Downs. This was named by the English, but the megalithic mound significantly predates them. It is from this association that the superstition came about that a horse left there overnight with a small silver coin (groat) would be shod by morning. This superstition is mentioned in the first episode of Puck of Pook's Hill by Rudyard Kipling, "Weland's Sword", which narrates the rise and fall of the god. The character of Waylon Smithers in The Simpsons is likewise a servant of a powerful master, who is 'hamstrung' by his obedience and love for Mr Burns.

Swords described as having been forged by Wayland

Irvin Dalton has created a list of swords which are said to have been forged by Wayland.

Four are mentioned by name in the Karlamagnus Saga
  • Almace, the sword of Tilpin.
  • Curtana, the sword of Ogier the Dane
  • Durendal, the sword of Roland (N.B. in Orlando Innamorato, Durendal is said to have been originally the sword of Hector of Troy.)
  • Mimung, which he forged to fight the rival smith Amilias, according to the Þiðrekssaga, and later came into the possession of Landri or Landres, nephew of Charlemagne.
  • Another in the Poetic Edda
  • Gram, the sword of Sigmund, which would be destroyed by Odin, and is later reforged by Regin and used by Sigmund's son Sigurd to slay the dragon Fafnir, according to the Völsunga saga.
  • Six are referenced in early arthurian and chivalric romance chanson de geste poetry.
  • Adylok / Hatheloke, the sword of Torrent of Portyngale, according to Torrent of Portyngale.
  • Merveilleuse, the hero's sword in the Chanson de Doon de Mayence was forged by "Un ouvrier de Galan" [Galand], a journeyman of Wayland's.
  • The unnamed sword of the hero in the Chanson de Gui de Nanteuil.
  • The unnamed sword of Huon of Bordeaux, according to Lord Berners.
  • More are referenced in more modern adaptations, including
  • An unnamed sword whose history is related by Rudyard Kipling in Puck of Pook's Hill.
  • Albion, sword of Robin Hood, and its six partners in Robin of Sherwood.
  • Caliburn, in Mary Stewart's retelling of Arthurian legend, is the sword of Macsen, Merlin, and Arthur.
  • References

    Wayland the Smith Wikipedia