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Uta-garuta (歌ガルタ) are a kind of karuta, Japanese traditional playing cards. It is also the name of the game in which they are used. The game is played mostly on Japanese New Year's holidays. On each card, a waka poem is written; there are a total of 100 poems. The standard collection of poems used is called Hyakunin Isshu, which is often also used as the name of the game. The collection was chosen by poet Fujiwara no Teika in the Heian period.
Contents
There are national conventions for the competitive format of the game. Levels start at the lowest, Class E, and stop at the highest, Class A. Only Class A players are qualified to be a reader.
Basic rules
The game uses two types of cards.
At the start of a game, 100 torifuda are neatly arranged on the floor faced up. When the reader starts reading out a poem on the yomifuda, the players quickly search for the torifuda on which the corresponding final phrase is written.
There are two ways to play the game based on the rules above.
Chirashi-dori
One reader, more than three players:
- Mix up the deck of torifuda, and lay them out on the floor. Players sit around the cards.
- The reader starts reading out the waka, and players take the corresponding torifuda as fast as possible. They can do so as soon as they have recognised the poem being read.
- When a torifuda was taken, the reader moves on to the next waka.
- When all the cards are taken, the player with the most cards wins the game.
Genpei-gassen
One reader, players on two sides:
- Divide the players into two groups. One is called the Genji side and the other the Heike side.
- Mix up the torifuda, and give 50 cards to each side.
- Genji and Heike sit face to face. Lay out 50 cards in front of each group in three lines to face the group.
- The way to take the torifuda is the same as with Chirashi-dori.
- Players can take cards on both sides.
- When they took cards on the opponent side, they can move one card to the side of the opponent.
- If they take a wrong card, the opponent can move a card from their side.
- The side that takes all the torifuda on their side wins the game.
The odds of winning increase if one knows the phrases. One even may be able to take the cards immediately after hearing the reader read aloud only the first letters of the waka. Readers are also very important, having to know how to correctly space out the words and the seconds of the pause.