530–1949 → Established 530 Area 33,517 km² | Flag Coat of arms 1941 6,500,000 Today part of India | |
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1941 33,517 km (12,941 sq mi) | ||
The Udaipur State, also known as Mewar State, was a princely state in northwestern India prior to the formation of the Indian Republic.
Contents
- History
- Gahlot Dynasty of Mewar
- Gahlot rulers at Idur
- Gahlot rulers at Nagda
- Gahlot rulers at Ahar
- Gahlot rulers at Chittor
- Sisodia Dynasty of Mewar
- Sisodia Rajput Dynasty at Udaipur
- Nearest Relatives of the Maharana
- Distant relatives of the Maharana
- Dewans
- British Political Agents
- British Residents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States
- Political agents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States
- 1st Class Jagirdars
- 2nd Class Sardars Bateesa
- Category 3 of Mewad Sardars
- Bhomiya Sardars of Mewad
- Administrative Structure
- Land tenure in Mewar State
- References
The state of Mewar was founded around 530; the first capital was at Chittorgarh. Later the kingdom would also, and ultimately predominantly, be called Udaipur after the name of its new capital. When Udaipur State joined the Indian Union in 1949 it had been ruled by the Chattari Rajputs of Mori Guhilot Parihar and Sisodia dynasties for over 1,400 years.
History
The most important vassal territories of Udaipur were Chani, Jawas, Jura, Madri, Oghna, Panarwa, Para, Patia, Sarwan and Thana. Udaipur State assisted the British East India Company in the Second Anglo-Maratha War, but the request to become a protectorate made in 1805 was refused by the British. Only on 31 January 1818 did the Udaipur Kingdom became a British protectorate. The institution of the Mewar Residency, gave the Udaipur State a measure of political control over the states of Banswara, Dungarpur and Partabgarh. The British authorities granted the ruler of Udaipur a 19 gun salute. Udaipur State became a focus for the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. The last ruler of Udaipur Kingdom signed the accession to Independent India on 7 April 1949.
Gahlot Dynasty of Mewar
Kanak-Sen left Koshala in the 2nd century and settled in Saurashtra. His descendents established themselves and became rulers at Vallabhi. Ages later, Prince Guhaditya also known as Guhil obtained the small kingdom of Idar. His name became the patronymic Grahilot, later corrupted to Gahlot.
The Gahlot Dynasty sometimes supported the Pratiharas (the dominant clan in Rajasthan) along with the Chauhans against the Arab invasions of India in the 7th century. Later the wilderness of Idar had to be abandoned and the clan settled at Ahar, and the new name Aharya came into use. Around the 12th century the sons of Karan Singh I included Mahup, who established himself at Dungarpur while his younger brother Rahup established himself near Sisodia village. Later the term Sisodia supplanted both Gahlot and Aharya.
Gahlot rulers at Idur
Gahlot rulers at Nagda
Gahlot rulers at Ahar
Gahlot rulers at Chittor
Sisodia Dynasty of Mewar
Rana Laksha of the Sisodia Rajput clan with all his 10 sons had rallied in defense of Chittor but in vain. The Sardars decided that it was time to safeguard the royal lineage. There is mention of only two sons of Rana Laksha by name, Ari Singh and Ajay Singh. Ari Singh I had a son named Hammir Singh I who was taken by his uncle Ajay to Kelwara for safety. After the defeat of Mewar at Chittor by Alauddin Khilji, in which Rana Laksha and his son Ari Singh perished, the people began to rally behind Ajay who pursued a guerrilla campaign until he too died in the 1320s. The Sardars now picked Hamir Singh I as head of the Sisodia clan and rightful heir to the throne of Mewar. He married the daughter of Maldeo of Jalore, who now governed Chittor for the Delhi Sultanate. He overthrew his father-in-law and reclaimed his ancestral homeland.
Sisodia Rajput Dynasty at Udaipur
Maharana Bhagwat Singh died on 2 November 1984. He has two sons: elder Maharana Mahendra Singh and younger Arvind Singh. Before his death, he founded a trust named Maharana Mewar Foundation and tasked younger son Arvind Singh to look after the trust. Arvind lives in Udaipur's City Palace.
Nearest Relatives of the Maharana
The following composition by a bard is popular to remember the first-class nobles of Mewad.
Trun/tihu (three) Jhala (Sadri, Delwara, Gogunda), Trun/tihu (three) Poorbiya - the eastern, Chauhan (Bedla, Kotharia, Parsoli), Chundawat bhudh (warriors) chaar (four, Salumbar, Deogarh, Begu, Amet), do/duhi (two) Shakta (Bhinder, Bansi), do/duhi (two) Rathore (Badnore, Ghanerao), Sarangdev (Kanore), Panwar (Bijolia), do/duhi (two) Raja (Shahpura, Banera), trun/tihu (three) Rajvi (Bagore, Karjali, Shivrati), Chundawat phir chaar (again four, Meja, Bhainsrodgadh, Kurabad, Asind), Jamadaar Sultan ek/hik (a, saturvon,the seventeenth, Umrao,the Sindhi Muslim - Mahuwada), ek (a)Dodiyo Sardar (Sardargarh)!
Distant relatives of the Maharana
Dewans
British Political Agents
1875 - 1876 C. Herbert
British Residents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States
Political agents in Mewar and Southern Rajputana States
1st Class Jagirdars
The 1st Class Jagirdars, the 1st 16 Umraos (no order of precedence), seated on the either side of the Maharana. Ideally, those to right were seated at right angles to the Gaadi and were called Badi Ole and those to the left, not to feel any inferior, were seated parallel to the Gaadi and were called Munda-barobur (parallel to the face of the Maharana). The visiting dignitaries/guests and some of the relatives of Maharana and main Purohits were seated in front of Maharana’s Gaadi, Saamey-ki-baithak.
2nd Class Sardars - Bateesa
There were 32 Jagirdars after 1939. Prior to AD 1935 just four. They were later called Bada Bateesaa. 1. Boheda (Shaktawat)
2. Hamirgadh (Hameergadh) (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- Elder house of the descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
3. Pipalya (Shaktawat)
4. Thana(choondawat)(krishnawat)
5. Amargadh (Kanawat)
6. Badi Rupaheli (Badi Roopaheli) (Mertia Rathore)
7. Bambori (Paramaras)
8. Banol [1] (Jaitmal Rathore)
9. Batherda (Sarangdevot)
10. Bavlas (Ranawat)
11. Akolagarh(solanki)
12. Bhadesar (Choondawat)
13. Bhagwanpura (Choondawat)
14. Bhopalnagar ( Chauhan)
15. Bhunas ( Bhunawaas, Baba Ranawat)
16. Binota (Shaktawat)
17. Chavand (Choondawat)
18. Dharyavad (Dhariawad) (Ranawat)
19. Falichda (Falichra) (Chauhan)
20. Jarkhana (Dhanerya,Ranawat) Descendants of Second son of the first Shivrati Maharaj Arjun Singh, who was the fourth son of Maharana Sangram Singh II, AD 1710-1734
21 . Kheroda (Mertia Rathore) - Prathvirajot subclan 22. Kareda (Choondawat)
23. Karoi (Ranawat)
24. Kelwa (Jaitmal Rathore)
25. Khairabad (Kherabad) (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- Elder house of the descendents from the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
26. Lasani (Choondawat)
27. Loonda (Choondawat)
28. Mahua (Mahuva) (Ranawat)
29. Maharaj ki Netawal (Ranawat)
30. Nimbaheda (Mertia Rathore)
31. Peeladhar (Sisodia) 32. Rampura (Mertia Rathore)
33. Sangramgadh (Choondawat)
34. Sanjela (choondawat)
35. Sanwar (Viramdevot- Baba Ranawat) Elder house of Veeramdevot Ranawats. Descendents from the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Viramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
35. Thana (Choondawat)
36. Vijaipur (Bijaipur) (Achlawat-Shaktawat)
37. Panerwa ( Solanki)
Category 3 of Mewad Sardars
1. Aarjya (Ajarya) (Chavda)
2. Amlda (Kanawat)
3. Athun (Athoon) (Poorawat)
4. Bambora (Choondawat)
5. Bansra (Ranawat)
6. Barliawas (Barlyawas) (Ranawat)
7. Bassi (Choondawat)
8. Bhadu (Choondawat)
9. Bhanpura (Dulhawat)
10. Bokhada (Dulhawat)
11. Dabla (Mertia)
12. bhindar (KUNDAI Sisodia)
13. Gadar Mala (Gadarmala)
14. Gudla (Gudlan) (Chauhan)
15. Gurlan (Poorawat)
16. Gyangadh(Choondawat)
17. Hinta (Shaktawat)
18. Jagpura (Mertia Rathore)
19. Jamoli (Baba)
20. Jeelola
21. Jeewana (Veeramdevot- Baba Ranawat)- descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
22. Jhadol (Jharol) (Jhala)
23. Kaladwas(Chavda)
24. Kankarwa/Khartana (Veeramdevot-Baba Ranawat)- descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
25. Kantora (Rathore)
26. Kerya (Poorawat)
27. Kunthawas (Kunthavas) (Shaktawat), (Sisodiya)
28. Mangrop (Poorawat)
29. Marchya Khedi(Solanki)
30. Moie
31. Muroli
32. Neemri (Mahecha Rathore)
33. Pahuna (Veeramdevot- Baba Ranawat)descendents of the third son of Maharana Udai Singh II (1537–72), Maharana Veeramdeo, also known as Baba Ranawats. They were the first branch of Sisodia rajputs to carry this patronym.
34. Pansal (Shaktawat)
35. Parsad (Prasad) (Sisodia)
36. Pithawas (Peethwas) (Choondawat)
37. Rood (Shaktawat)
38. Roopnagar (Rupnagar) (Solanki)
39. Samal (Dulhawat)
40. Satola (Choondawat)
41. Semari (Shaktawat)
42. Khodiyo Ka Khera (Shaktawat)
43. Sihar (Shaktawat)
44. Singhada (Dulhawat)
45. Singoli (Poorawat)
46. Taal (Choondawat)
47. Taloli (Choondawat)
48. Junda (Chouhan)
49. Gopalpura[Koon](Shaktawat)
50 Mandakala (Shaktawat) 51. bhanpura ranawat 52. Tana(jhala)
53. Ogna ( Solanki)
Bhomiya Sardars of Mewad
1. Jawaas (Chauhan)
2. Jooda ( Chauhan)
3. Pahada (Chauhan)
v
6. Madri (Sarangdewot)
7. OOmeriya (Solanki)
8. Chaani (Chauhan)
9. Thana ( Chauhan)
10. Nainwada
11. Sarwan
12. Paatiya (Panwar)
13. juda kotra > sindal Rathore
Administrative Structure
The state was divided into 17 administrative sub-divisions - 11 zilas and 6 parganas, the difference between a zila and pargana being that the latter was larger and broken up into further divisions. Each zila was administered by a hakim, a state official, supported at each tehsil (a zila sub-division) by an assistant hakim.
Land tenure in Mewar State
The principal forms of land tenure in the state were jagir, bhum, sasan, and khalsa. Jagirs were grants of land made in recognition service of a civil or political nature. Jagirdars, the holders of jagir, usually paid a fixed annual tribute called chhatund on an annual basis, and nazarana on the succession of a new Maharana. On the death of a jagirdar, the jagir reverted back to the Maharana until the late jagirdar's successor was recognized by the Maharana. Those holding bhum tenures paid a small tribute or nominal quit-rent (bhum barar), and were liable to be called on for local service. Sasan (also known as muafi) holders were not liable for payments to the Maharana but taxes were sometimes recovered from them. Khalsa (crown lands) holders were cultivators who were undisturbed in their possession as long as they continued to pay land revenue. As of 1912, 38% of the land revenue of the State was from khalsa land, the rest from other forms of tenure.