Died 12 March 1965 | ||
Tsang Gi Ni (倪章祺), also known as Fichen Ni (倪维城), was a noted Chinese physiologist during the first fifty years of the 20th century.
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He was born on August 6, 1891 in Sonlin (双林), Chekiang Province (Zhejiang 浙江), China. In 1908 he attended Chekiang First High School, which was considered to be one of the four best high schools in the Southern Yangtze River. Today, it's known as Hangzhou High School (杭州高级中学).
After his graduation in 1912, T.G. Ni became one of sixty students in the first class of the Chekiang Medical College (浙江省立医药专门学校), the first public medical school in China, which is recognized today as part of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine (浙江大学医学院).
He received his bachelor’s in medicine in 1916 and went on to work at the Chekiang Army Hospital (浙江陆军军医院) as a Surgeon-Lieutenant. At the same time, T.G. Ni had passed the qualifying exam for the Boxer Indemnity Scholarship and initially intended to study in Germany. However, with the outbreak of World War I, he was reassigned to the United States and ended up at the University of Michigan (密西根大学) in Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Study in the U.S.
By 1919, T.G. Ni had received his M.S. and worked towards his doctorate degree with Professor Warren P. Lombard. He was also a member of the Cosmopolitan Club and Chinese Student Club. T.G. Ni's graduate studies at the University of Michigan Medical School lasted until 1922, when he was awarded a degree of Doctor of Science. His doctoral dissertation, The Active Response of Capillaries of Frogs, Tadpoles, Fish, Bats and Men to Various Forms of Excitation, was published in the American Journal of Physiology that same year.
Following his graduation, Dr. T.G. Ni was offered a fellowship at the Hsiang-Ya Medical College (湘雅医学院), but since he wanted more experiences in the U.S., he declined their offer. Instead, he focused on his post-doctoral study at the University of Minnesota (明尼苏达大学) in Minneapolis from 1922 until 1923, and then worked as a research fellow at Harvard Medical School (哈佛医学院) until 1924.
Return to China
When Dr. T.G. Ni returned to China in 1924, he started to work at the Peking Union Medical College (PUMC, 北京协和医学院) alongside a pioneer of Chinese physiology, Dr. Robert Kho-seng Lim (林可胜). Dr. Ni then became one of the founding members of the Chinese Physiological Society (中国生理学会) which was established on February 27, 1926. He was also a member of the Chinese Medical Association (中华医学会), the Chinese Medico-Pharmaceutical Association (中华医药学会) and Science Society of China (中国科学社).
From 1929 to 1930, Dr. Ni also took part in research, studies and work at the University of Rochester in the United States, Plymouth University in England, and the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, where he worked with the Danish physiologist Poul Brandt Rehberg.
When he left PUMC in 1932, Dr. Ni went to the Henry Lester Institute of Medical Research in Shanghai (上海雷士德医学研究所). In December 1941, the Institute was occupied by the Japanese and was severely damaged that it could not recover from even after the Japanese army's surrender in 1945. After Communism settled over the land in 1949, it became known as the Shanghai Industrial Institute in 1954, and later changed to Shanghai Research Institute of Food Industries (上海食品工业科学研究所).
The Chinese Academy of Sciences published The Chinese Academy of Sciences 1949-1950 National Scientist Survey, which recommended 233 experts in thirteen groups — Dr. Ni was among 45 figures in the group of physiology, alongside Dr. R.K.S. Lim and Dr. Hsien Wu (吴宪).
Legacy
In addition to his medical accomplishments, Dr. T.G. Ni was the author of multiple publications between the years 1919 and 1950, writing more than forty papers in The Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, The American Journal of Physiology, The Journal of the Science, The Chinese Journal of Physiology（《中国生理学报》, and The China Medical Journal（《中华医学杂志》）.
He co-authored the first paper of Dr. R.K.S. Lim after Dr. Lim was appointed as head of the physiology department at PUMC.
T.G. Ni retired from the Shanghai Research Institute of Food Industries in 1958 and died on March 12, 1965. He was survived by his wife, one daughter and two sons.
Publications
Ni, Tsang G., The Effect of Tobacco on the Vascular Wall. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol. V, P 35-27, 1919
Ni, Tsang G., Beriberi: Some Facts and the Possible Hypothesis. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol.VII, P.340-348, 1921
Ni, Tsang, The Active Response of Capillaries of Frogs, Tadpoles, Fish, Bats and Men to Various Forms of Excitation. American Journal of Physiology, V 62 (1922), P.282-309.
倪章祺, 科学的医学与化学,《科学》, 第7期，1924, P811
Lim, R. K. S. and T. G. Ni. Changes in the Blood Constituents Accompanying Gastric Secretion. I. Chloride. Am. J. Physiol., 75:475-86, 1926）
Ni, Tsang-gi and Liu, An-ch’ang, Changes in the Blood Constituents Accompanying Gastric Secretion. II. Blood Volume (Haemoglobin, Oxygen Capacity, Relative Volume and Total Solids). Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1927, Vol. I, No. 2, P 109-212
Ni, Tsang-gi and Liu, An-ch’ang, Changes in the Blood Constituents Accompanying Gastric Secretion. III CO2. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1927, Vol. I. No. 4, P355-362
Lim, R.K.S., Necheles, H., Ni, T.G., The Vasomotor Reactions of the (VIVI-Perfused) Stomach. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1927, Vol. No 1, No. 4, P381-396
Ni, Tsang-gi and Lim, R.K.S., The Gas and Sugar Metabolism of the VIVI-Perfused Stomach. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1928, Vol. II, No. 1, P45-86
Hou, C.L., Ni, Tsang-gi and Lim, R.K.S., The Chloride Metabolism of the VIVI-Perfused Stomach. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1928, Vol. II, No.3, P299-304
Lim, R.K.S., Ni, T.G., Necheles, H. and Chang, His-chun, The Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Normal, Phlorizinised and Diabetic VIVI-Perfused Stomach. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1929, Vol, III, No. 2, P123-156
倪章祺. 糖尿病疗法. 《中华医学杂志》 [J]. 1929, 15(4):377-385.
Ni, Tsang-gi, The Metabolism of the Isolated Gastric Mucosa of the Toad. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1929, Vol. III. No. 2 P215-222
Chu, Hyng-pih and Ni, Tsang, Duration of Cardiac Events in Isolated Strips of the Cat’s Heat. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1929, Vol. III, No. 3. P273-278
Ni, Tsamg-G, Rehberg PB. On the Mechanism of Sugar Excretion: Glucose. Biochem J. 1930; 24(4):1039-46.
Shen, T.C., Ni, T.G., Loo, C.T., and Lim, R.K.S., The Gas Metabolism of the Mechanically Perfused Stomach. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1931, Vol. V. No. 2, P103-114
Ni, Tsang-G, Rehberg PB. On the Influence of Posture on Kidney Function. J Physiol. 1931 Mar. 23; 71 (3):331-9
Ni, Tsang-G. Does Muscular Contraction Affect the Local Blood Supply in the Absence of Lactic Acid Formation? J Physiol. 1931 Apr 24; 71(4):356-61.
Ni, Tsang-gi, Observations on Secretion and Oxygen Consumption in the Isolated Salivary Glands of Aplysia. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1933, Vol. VII, No. 1., P71-80
Ni, T.G., The Composition and Action Upon Calcium Metabolism of Ah-chiao (Donkey Skin Glue) and Commercial Gelatin. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1935, Vol. 9, No. 4, P329-338
Ni, T.G., Note on the Hematopoietic Action of Ah-chiao, 阿膠 (Donkey Skin Glue), Chinese Journal of Physiology. 1935, Vol. 9, No. 4, P383-394
Ni, T.G., The Use of Ah-chiao (Donkey Skin Glue) for Circulatory Failure Encountered in Severe Hemorrhage and Shock. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1936, Vol. 10, No. 1., P125-134
Ni, T.G., The Creatine-Creatinine Excretion and the Creatine Content of Muscle in Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1936, Vol. 10, No. 1, P199-206
Ni, T.G. The Effect of Donkey Skin Gelatin (Ah-chiao) Upon Nutritional Progressive Muscular Dystrophy. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1936, Vol. 10, No. 2, P237-248
Ni, T.G., The Prevention of Nutritional Encepha-lomalacia by Gelatin. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1937, Vol. 12, No. 3, P281-288
Ni, T.G., Predisposition to Liver Injury by Chloroform. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1937, Vol. 12, No. 3, P289-300
Ni, T.G., The Toxic Effect of Glycine on Guinea-pigs. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1937, Vol.12, No.3, P301-308
Ni, T.G., Further Experiments on the Prevention of Nutritional Encephalomalacia in Chickens. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1938, Vol. 13, No. 3, P229-238
倪章祺, 上海难童之体高体重与营养商数, 《中华医学杂志》，1939, Vol.27 (7), P489-505
倪章祺, 鱼肝油对于难民儿童之裨益, 《中华医学杂志》，1939, Vol. 25 (08), P585-592
倪章祺, 驴皮胶之化学成分及其对于钙与㲷代谢之影响, 《中华医学杂志》，1939, Vol. 25 (12), P1013-1021
Ni, T.G., Nutritional Encephalomalacia and Some Factors Accelerating its Onset. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1940, Vol. 15, No. 2m, P181-188
Ni, T.G., The Water Distribution in Certain Tissues of Encephalomalacic Chickens. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1940, Vol. 15, No. 4, P493-498
倪章祺, 氟对于生物之毒作用, 《中华医学杂志》,1940, Vol.26 (01), P64-82
倪章祺, 阿胶是否补血之实验,《中华医学杂志》,1940, Vol.26 (02), P113-121
倪章祺, 维生素戊之研究阿胶对于食物中维生素戊之保护作用, 《中华医学杂志》，1942, Vol.28 (08), P263-267
倪章祺, 营养性脑病（鸡）与营养性肌病（豚鼠）病原相同之证, 《中华医学杂志》，1942, Vol.28 (09), P316-318
倪章祺, 人类进行性肌痹瘫痪与动物营养性肌痹瘫痪相类似之证据, 《中华医学杂志》, 1942, Vol. 28 (12) P427-430
倪章祺, 阿胶预防营养性肌变化症实之验, 《中华医学杂志》, 1944, Vol. 30(3)，P 101-104
倪章祺, 蒸谷米之营养价值, 《中华医学杂志》, 1946, Vol. 32(6)，P 283-243
Ni, T.G., Comparative Methods of Vitamin E Assay Tested Upon Chinese Drugs. Chinese Journal of Physiology, 1941-1948, Vol. 16, No.3, P379
NI, T.G. Undernutrition Among Shanghai School Children, Preliminary Report. Chin Med J. 1946 Jul-Aug; 64(7-8):209-12.
倪章祺, 医学常识救了性命和飞机,《上海医药月刊》，1947年, 0004期
KUO, JT, NI, T.G. Analysis of Physical Measurements of Over 15,000 Shanghai Students. Chin Med J. 1950 May-Jun; 68(5-6):164-8.