Rahul Sharma (Editor)

True thrush

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Kingdom
  
Class
  
Aves

Family
  
Turdidae

Phylum
  
Chordata

Order
  
Passeriformes

Genus
  
TurdusLinnaeus, 1758

True thrush

True thrushes are medium-sized mostly insectivorous or omnivorous birds in the genus Turdus of the thrush family, Thrush. The genus name Turdus is Latin for "thrush".

Contents

The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Several species have also colonised some oceanic islands, and two species have been introduced to New Zealand. Several species are migratory.

While some species are often split out of Turdus, the two small thrushes formerly separated in Platycichla by many authors have been restored to the present genus in recent years.

Extant species

Eighty-two extant species are recognized:

  • Groundscraper thrush (Turdus litsitsirupa)
  • Yellow-legged thrush (Turdus flavipes)
  • Pale-eyed thrush (Turdus leucops)
  • African thrush (Turdus pelios)
  • Bare-eyed thrush (Turdus tephronotus)
  • Kurrichane thrush (Turdus libonyana)
  • São Tomé thrush (Turdus olivaceofuscus)
  • Príncipe thrush (Turdus xanthorhynchus)
  • Olive thrush (Turdus olivaceus)
  • Usambara thrush (Turdus roehli)
  • Abyssinian thrush (Turdus abyssinicus)
  • Karoo thrush (Turdus smithi)
  • Somali thrush or Somali blackbird (Turdus ludoviciae) - formerly in T. olivaceus
  • Taita thrush (Turdus helleri) - formerly in T. olivaceus
  • Yemen thrush (Turdus menachensis)
  • Comoro thrush (Turdus bewsheri)
  • Grey-backed thrush (Turdus hortulorum)
  • Tickell's thrush (Turdus unicolor)
  • Black-breasted thrush (Turdus dissimilis)
  • Japanese thrush (Turdus cardis)
  • White-collared blackbird (Turdus albocinctus)
  • Ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus)
  • Grey-winged blackbird (Turdus boulboul)
  • Common blackbird (Turdus merula)
  • Chinese blackbird (Turdus mandarinus)
  • Tibetan blackbird (Turdus maximus)
  • Indian blackbird (Turdus simillimus)
  • Island thrush, (Turdus poliocephalus)
  • Christmas thrush (Turdus poliocephalus erythropleurus)
  • Borneo thrush (Turdus poliocephalus seebohmi)
  • Taiwan thrush (Turdus poliocephalus niveiceps)
  • Lifou thrush (Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri) - possibly extinct on Lifou island in New Caledonia (early 20th century?) but still extant in the Vanuatu archipelago (islands of Tanna and Futuna)
  • Maré thrush (Turdus poliocephalus mareensis) - extinct (1910)
  • Norfolk thrush (Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus) - extinct (1975)
  • Lord Howe thrush (Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus) - extinct (1924)
  • Chestnut thrush (Turdus rubrocanus)
  • Kessler's thrush (Turdus kessleri)
  • Grey-sided thrush (Turdus feae)
  • Eyebrowed thrush (Turdus obscurus)
  • Pale thrush (Turdus pallidus)
  • Brown-headed thrush (Turdus chrysolaus)
  • Izu thrush (Turdus celaenops)
  • Black-throated thrush (Turdus atrogularis)
  • Red-throated thrush (Turdus ruficollis)
  • Naumann's thrush (Turdus naumanni)
  • Dusky thrush (Turdus eunomus)
  • Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris)
  • Redwing (Turdus iliacus)
  • Song thrush (Turdus philomelos)
  • Chinese thrush (Turdus mupinensis)
  • Mistle thrush (Turdus viscivorus)
  • Great thrush (Turdus fuscater)
  • Chiguanco thrush (Turdus chiguanco)
  • Sooty thrush (Turdus nigrescens)
  • Black thrush (Turdus infuscatus)
  • Glossy-black thrush (Turdus serranus)
  • Andean slaty thrush (Turdus nigriceps)
  • Eastern slaty thrush (Turdus subalaris)
  • Plumbeous-backed thrush (Turdus reevei)
  • Black-hooded thrush (Turdus olivater)
  • Cauca black-hooded thrush (Turdus olivater caucae) - SW Colombia (Cauca Valley); possibly extinct (late 20th century?)
  • Marañón thrush (Turdus maranonicus)
  • Chestnut-bellied thrush (Turdus fulviventris)
  • Rufous-bellied thrush (Turdus rufiventris)
  • Austral thrush (Turdus falcklandii)
  • Pale-breasted thrush (Turdus leucomelas)
  • Creamy-bellied thrush (Turdus amaurochalinus)
  • Mountain thrush (Turdus plebejus)
  • Black-billed thrush (Turdus ignobilis)
  • Lawrence's thrush (Turdus lawrencii)
  • Cocoa thrush (Turdus fumigatus)
  • Pale-vented thrush (Turdus obsoletus)
  • Hauxwell's thrush (Turdus hauxwelli)
  • Unicolored thrush (Turdus haplochrous) - rare and local in n Bolivia (Beni and Santa Cruz)
  • Clay-colored thrush (Turdus grayi)
  • Spectacled thrush (Turdus nudigenis)
  • Várzea thrush (Turdus sanchezorum)
  • Ecuadorian thrush (Turdus maculirostris)
  • White-eyed thrush (Turdus jamaicensis)
  • White-throated thrush (Turdus assimilis)
  • Dagua thrush (Turdus daguae)
  • White-necked thrush (Turdus albicollis)
  • Grey-flanked thrush (Turdus albicollis [phaeopygus Group])
  • Rufous-flanked thrush (Turdus albicollis [albicollis Group])
  • Rufous-backed robin (Turdus rufopalliatus)
  • Rufous-collared robin (Turdus rufitorques)
  • American robin (Turdus migratorius)
  • La Selle thrush (Turdus swalesi)
  • White-chinned thrush (Turdus aurantius)
  • Red-legged thrush (Turdus plumbeus)
  • Forest thrush (Turdus lherminieri)
  • Tristan thrush (Turdus eremita) - some authors assign this isolated species to the monospecific genus Nesosichla
  • Extinct species

  • Grand Cayman thrush (Turdus ravidus)
  • Former species

    Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Turdus:

  • Rufous whistler (as Turdus pectoralis or Turdus prasinus)
  • Grey shrikethrush (as Turdus harmonicus)
  • South Island piopio (as Turdus crassirostus)
  • Ethiopian oriole (as Turdus monacha)
  • Restless flycatcher (as Turdus inquietus)
  • Black-headed bulbul (as Turdus atriceps)
  • Ruby-throated bulbul (as Turdus dispar)
  • Red-vented bulbul (as Turdus cafer)
  • References

    True thrush Wikipedia