Opened 27 September 1889 Architect Bradford Gilbert | Destruction date 1914 | |
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Similar Manhattan Life Insurance, Park Row Building, Singer Building, Gillender Building, Equitable Building | ||
The Tower Building was arguably New York City's first skyscraper, and the first building with a steel skeleton structure. Architect Bradford Gilbert filed plans for its construction on April 17, 1888, it was completed on September 27, 1889 and demolished for tax purposes beginning in 1913.
The location in Manhattan is given variously as 50 Broadway and 52 Broadway, going through to New Street. Though it was 108 ft (33 m) deep, the building had just 21 feet, 6 inches (6.5 m) of frontage on Broadway, necessitating its novel design. Chicago's Home Insurance Building (completed 1884) was the first to use structural steel, but that building did not fully support its masonry elements on the steel frame. On the narrow lot, a conventional design with load-bearing masonry walls would have left little room on the ground floor, but architect Gilbert asked, "Why can't I run my foundation far up in the air and then begin my building?" Gilbert's design came from a railroad bridge turned on its end. Cast iron columns about 6m (18 feet) apart formed the skeleton, and the walls of each floor hung on a "shoe" instead of transmitting the load to the wall of the floor below. The resulting structure was 39 m / 129 feet in height, and 11 stories high. Gilbert made models to convince the city to permit the construction of his unusual design. It was quickly followed by taller steel-skeleton buildings, including the Columbia Building in 1890.
The Tower Building was sold by John N. Stearns in 1905, along with two adjacent buildings, for a reported price of about $1.5 million. In 1909, Morris Building Company, a holding company of Standard Oil Company, purchased it in foreclosure for $1.68 million. No longer profitable by 1913 due to its lack of tenants, demolition began after it was vacated in December of that year. By the time demolition was complete in 1914, just twenty six years had passed since the Tower Building's construction, and the tallest building in New York, the Woolworth Building, was over 240 m / 790 feet.