Nationality British Fields Theoretical physics Name Tom Kibble | Role Physicist Books Classical Mechanics | |
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Born 23 December 1932 (age 91)
Madras, Madras Presidency, British India ( 1932-12-23 ) Institutions Imperial College London Alma mater University of Edinburgh, BSc, MA, PhD Thesis Topics in quantum field theory: 1. Schwinger's action principle; 2. Dispersion relations for inelastic scattering processes (1958) Known for Quantum field theory, Broken symmetry, Higgs Boson, Higgs mechanism, and Cosmology Notable awards Dirac Medal
Sakurai Prize
Hughes Medal (1981)
Rutherford Medal and Prize (1984)
Guthrie Medal and Prize
Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellow of Imperial College London Awards Hughes Medal, Albert Einstein Medal Similar People Peter Higgs, Seifallah Randjbar‑Daemi, John Polkinghorne, H Christopher Longuet‑Higgins, Charles Coulson | ||
Education University of Edinburgh Doctoral advisor John Polkinghorne | ||
Tom kibble breaking symmetries breaking ground and the new boson
Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman "Tom" Kibble, (; 23 December 1932 – 2 June 2016), was a British theoretical physicist, senior research investigator at the Blackett Laboratory and Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London. His research interests were in quantum field theory, especially the interface between high-energy particle physics and cosmology. He is best known as one of the first to describe the Higgs mechanism, and for his research on topological defects. From the 1950s he was concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 took leading roles in promoting the social responsibility of the scientist.
Contents
- Tom kibble breaking symmetries breaking ground and the new boson
- Professors tom kibble and tejinder virdee speak about the 2013 nobel prize in physics
- Early life and education
- Career
- Awards and honours
- Social responsibility of scientists
- References
Professors tom kibble and tejinder virdee speak about the 2013 nobel prize in physics
Early life and education
Kibble was born in Madras, India on 23 December 1932,. He was the son of the statistician Walter F. Kibble, and the grandson of William Bannerman, an officer in the Indian Medical Service, and the author Helen Bannerman. He was educated at Doveton Corrie School in Madras and then in Edinburgh, Scotland, at Melville College and at the University of Edinburgh. He graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a BSc in 1955, MA in 1956 and a PhD in 1958. Kibble was married to Anne Allan from 1957 until her death in 2005. Kibble had three children. He died in London on 2 June 2016 at the age of 83.
Career
Kibble worked on mechanisms of symmetry breaking, phase transitions and the topological defects (monopoles, cosmic strings or domain walls) that can be formed.
He is most noted for his co-discovery of the Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson with Gerald Guralnik and C. R. Hagen. As part of Physical Review Letters 50th anniversary celebration, the journal recognized this discovery as one of the milestone papers in PRL history. For this discovery Kibble was awarded the American Physical Society's 2010 J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics. While Guralnik, Hagen, and Kibble are widely considered to have authored the most complete of the early papers on the Higgs theory, they were controversially not included in the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics. In 2014, Nobel Laureate Peter Higgs expressed disappointment that Kibble had not been chosen to share the Nobel Prize with François Englert and himself.
Kibble pioneered the study of topological defect generation in the early universe. The paradigmatic mechanism of defect formation across a second-order phase transition is known as the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. His paper on cosmic strings introduced the phenomenon into modern cosmology.
He was one of the two co-chairs of an interdisciplinary research programme funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF) on Cosmology in the Laboratory (COSLAB) which ran from 2001 to 2005. He was previously the coordinator of an ESF Network on Topological Defects in Particle Physics, Condensed Matter & Cosmology (TOPDEF).
In 1966 Kibble published a textbook, Classical Mechanics, which is still in print (as of 2016), now in its 5th edition and co-authored with Frank Berkshire.
Awards and honours
Kibble was an elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1980, of the Institute of Physics (1991), and of Imperial College London (2009). He was also a member of the American Physical Society (1958), the European Physical Society (1975) and the Academia Europaea (2000). In 2008, Kibble was named an Outstanding Referee by the American Physical Society.
In addition to the Sakurai Prize, Kibble has been awarded the Hughes Medal (1981) of the Royal Society, the Rutherford (1984) and Guthrie Medals (1993) of the Institute of Physics, the Dirac Medal (2013), the Albert Einstein Medal (2014) and the Royal Medal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (2014). He was awarded a CBE in the 1998 Birthday Honours and was knighted in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to physics.
Kibble was posthumously awarded the Isaac Newton Medal by the Institute of Physics for his outstanding lifelong commitment to the field.
Social responsibility of scientists
In the 1950s and 1960s, Kibble became concerned about the nuclear arms race and from 1970 he took leading roles in several organisations promoting the social responsibility of the scientist. In the period 1970–1977, he was a national committee member, then treasurer, then chair of the British Society for Social Responsibility in Science; from 1976 he was a trustee of the Science and Society Trust; from 1981 to 1991 he was a national coordinating committee member, then vice-chair, then chair of Scientists against Nuclear Arms; he was a sponsor of Scientists for Global Responsibility; and from 1988 he was chair, and later a trustee, of the Martin Ryle Trust. He was chair of the organising committee of the Second International Scientists' Congress, held at Imperial College in 1988, and was a co-editor of the proceedings.