Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions
1895 – Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength
1911 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discloses his research on superconductivity
1912 – Peter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid
1925 – Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising model
1928 – Felix Bloch applies quantum mechanics to electrons in crystal lattices, establishing the quantum theory of solids
1929 – Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism
1932 – Louis Eugène Félix Néel discovers antiferromagnetism
1933 – Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism
1933–1937 – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the Landau theory of phase transitions
1937 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John Frank Allen discover superfluidity
1941 – Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluidity
1942 – Hannes Alfvén predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas
1944 – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model
1957 – John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS theory of superconductivity
End of the 50s – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of Fermi liquid
1959 – Philip Warren Anderson predicts localization in disordered systems
1972 – Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, and David Lee discover that helium-3 can become a superfluid
1974 – Kenneth G. Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions
1980 – Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect
1982 – Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the fractional quantum Hall effect
1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect
1987 – Karl Alexander Müller and Georg Bednorz discover high critical temperature ceramic superconductors
