Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions
1895 – Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength1911 – Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discloses his research on superconductivity1912 – Peter Debye derives the T-cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid1925 – Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one-dimensional Ising model1928 – Felix Bloch applies quantum mechanics to electrons in crystal lattices, establishing the quantum theory of solids1929 – Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism1932 – Louis Eugène Félix Néel discovers antiferromagnetism1933 – Walther Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism1933–1937 – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the Landau theory of phase transitions1937 – Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John Frank Allen discover superfluidity1941 – Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluidity1942 – Hannes Alfvén predicts magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas1944 – Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two-dimensional Ising model1957 – John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS theory of superconductivityEnd of the 50s – Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of Fermi liquid1959 – Philip Warren Anderson predicts localization in disordered systems1972 – Douglas Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson, and David Lee discover that helium-3 can become a superfluid1974 – Kenneth G. Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions1980 – Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect1982 – Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the fractional quantum Hall effect1983 – Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect1987 – Karl Alexander Müller and Georg Bednorz discover high critical temperature ceramic superconductors