Beginning of the Cortes (General Assembly of the Kingdom) of Tomar.
1581
Philip II of Spain is acclaimed in the Cortes of Tomar as King Philip I of Portugal in a personal union of the Crowns. Portugal loses de facto independence to Spain.
Anthony of Portugal, the Prior of Crato, takes refuge in England.
The Azores refuse to recognize Philip I of Portugal as King.
1582
The Spanish Fleet of Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese-French Fleet of Strozzi in the Azores.
Introduction of the Gregorian Calendar in Portugal.