Noble was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and raised on a plantation where hemp and cotton were grown. He showed an interest and propensity for art at an early age. He first studied painting with Samuel Woodson Price in Louisville, Kentucky, in 1852 and then continued his studies with Price, Oliver Frazier and George P.A. Healey at Transylvania University in Lexington. In 1853 he moved to New York, New York, before moving to Paris to study with Thomas Couture from 1856 to 1859.
Noble then returned to the United States in 1859 intending on beginning his art career. However, with the beginning of the Civil War, as a Southerner, he served in the Confederate army from 1862 to 1865. After the war, Noble was paroled to St. Louis and began painting. With the success of his first painting, Last Sale of the Slaves, he received sponsorship from wealthy Northern benefactors for a studio in New York City. Noble lived in New York city from 1866 to 1869, during which time he painted some of his most well-known oil paintings. In 1869, he was invited to become the first head of the McMicken School of Design in Cincinnati, Ohio, a post he would hold until 1904. In 1887, the McMicken School of Design became the present-day Art Academy of Cincinnati. During his tenure at the McMicken School of Design, Noble moved briefly to Munich, Germany, where he studied from 1881 to 1883. He retired in 1904 and died in New York City on April 27, 1907. He is buried in Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati.
Noble's well-known works are largely historical or social/political presentations. He is best known for a series of four anti-slavery paintings. The first, Last Sale of the Slaves (1865) depicted the scene of the last sale of the slaves on the St. Louis courthouse steps. He followed this painting with John Brown's Blessing (1866) which depicted the abolitionist activist John Brown being led to his execution and blessing a child on the steps of the courthouse. His third painting, The Modern Medea (1867), portrayed the tragic event from 1856 in which Margaret Garner, a fugitive slave mother, murdered her children rather than see them returned to slavery. The picture is notable for Garner's expression of rage and for including the white slave hunters in the imagery. Noble's last painting, Price of Blood (1868), was not based on a specific historical event, but depicted a white slave owner selling his half-white slave son. As with The Modern Medea, this painting is unique for the era with the inclusion of the white perpetrators in the imagery.
Exhibitions and major works
Noble's artwork has been exhibited in over 70 exhibitions, both during his lifetime and after his death. Most of his well-known initial works are historical presentations, painted to make strong political and moral commentary. Later in his life he painted many allegorical images, often having his children pose for figures in the paintings. After studying in Munich and towards the end of his life, Noble focused his artistic work on landscapes of Ohio and Kentucky countryside and Bensonhurst, New York.
His most well-known paintings are Last Sale of the Slaves, John Brown's Blessing, Price of Blood and Margaret Garner. Each depicts a specific horror of slavery: in Last Sale of the Slaves, the selling of a mother and child; in Price of Blood, the selling of a son by the slave owner; in Margaret Garner, a mother killing her children rather than subjecting them to slavery. Noble also sketched a well-known lithograph for Harper's weekly based on his John Brown's Blessing.
Known exhibitions
1866: St. Louis, Missouri, Pettes and Leathe Gallery1866: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 7th Annual Exhibition of the Artist's Fund Society1866: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 41st Annual Exhibition1866: Boston, Massachusetts, DeVries Ibarra and Co.1867: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 42nd Annual Exhibition1867: Boston, Massachusetts, Childs and Co.1867: Washington, DC United State Capital1867: St. Louis, Missouri, Pettes and Leathe Gallery1867–68: Chicago, Illinois, Opera House Art Gallery1868: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, Wiswell's Gallery1868: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 43rd Annual Exhibition1869: Boston, Massachusetts, Williams and Everett Gallery1868–69:Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Academy of Fine Arts, Wiswell's Gallery1869: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 46th Annual ExhibitioN1870: Cincinnati, Ohio, Wiswell's Gallery1870: Cincinnati, Ohio, 1st Cincinnati Industrial Exposition1870: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 45th Annual Exhibition1871: Cincinnati, Ohio, Wiswell's Gallery1871: New York, New York, National Academy of Design, 46th Annual Exhibition1872: Cincinnati, Ohio, 3rd Cincinnati Industrial Exposition1873: Cincinnati, Ohio, McMicken School of Design, 3rd Annual Exhibition1874: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Industrial Exposition1875: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Industrial Exposition1875: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Academy of Design1875: Glasgow, Scotland, James McCure and Sons, 14 Gordon Street1876: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition Art Gallery and Annex1877: Cincinnati, Ohio, Wiswell's Gallery1878: Cincinnati, Ohio, Women's Art Association, Loan Collection Exhibition1879: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Industrial Exposition1880: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Academy of Design1887: Indianapolis, Indiana, Indianapolis Art Association, 4th Annual Exhibition1888: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Art Institute, 1st Annual Exhibition of American Oil Paintings1891: Cincinnati, Ohio, Piper Gallery, 2nd Exhibition of the Cincinnati Art Club1894–95: Lexington, Kentucky, Lexington Manufacturer's Exposition, Art Loan Gallery1895: Atlanta, GA Cotton States and International Exhibition1895: Cincinnati, Ohio, Spring Exhibition of the Cincinnati Museum Association1896: Cincinnati, Ohio, Spring Exhibition of the Cincinnati Museum Association1896: Cincinnati, Ohio, Music Hall, Loan Exhibition of Portraits1896: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, Loan Exhibition of Portraits1896–97: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Carnegie Art Galleries, 1st Annual Exhibition1896: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, Exhibition of Studies, Sketches, and Pictures in Watercolors1897: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 2nd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1897–98: Detroit, Michigan, Detroit Museum of Art, 2nd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1898: Chicago, Illinois, Art Institute of Chicago, 2nd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1898: Indianapolis, Indiana, Indianapolis Propylaeum, 2nd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1898: Detroit, Michigan, Detroit Museum of Art, 3rd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1898–99: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 3rd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1899: Indianapolis, Indiana, Indianapolis Art Association, 3rd Exhibition of the Society of Western Artists1899: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 6th Annual Exhibition of American Art1900: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 7th Annual Exhibition of American Art1901: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Fall Festival1905: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Business Men's Club1906: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 13th Annual Exhibition of American Art1907: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, Exhibition of the Work of the Late Thomas S. Noble1908: Chicago, Illinois, Chicago Art Institute, Paintings of Thomas S. Noble 1835–19071908: St. Louis, Missouri, St. Louis Museum of Fine Arts, Paintings by Thomas S. Noble, et al.1910: New York, New York, Ralston Galleries, Paintings by Thomas S. Noble1915: San Francisco, California, Panama-Pacific International Exposition, Department of Fine Arts1923: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, Special Exhibition of Former Cincinnati Artists1937–38: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, 50th Anniversary Exhibition of Work by Teachers and Former Students of the Art Academy1970: College Park, Maryland, University of Maryland Art Gallery, American Pupils of Thomas Couture1979–80: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, The Golden Age: Cincinnati Painters of the 19th Century Represented in the Cincinnati Art Museum1981: Lexington, Kentucky, University of Kentucky Art Museum, The Kentucky Painter: From the Frontier Era to the Great War1984: Owensboro, Kentucky, Owensboro Museum of Fine Arts, Kentucky Expatriates: Natives and Notable Visitors1987: Cincinnati, Ohio, Cincinnati Art Museum, The Procter & Gamble Art Collection1987: New York, New York, Phillips Gallery, Look Away, Reality and Sentiment in Southern Art1987: New York, New York, ACA Gallery, Visions of America 1787–1987: 200 Years of American Genre Painting in Commemoration of the Bicentennial of the US Constitution1988: Lexington, Kentucky,University of Kentucky Art Museum, Thomas S. Noble 1835–19071988: Greenville, South Carolina, Greenville County Museum of Art, Thomas S. Noble 1835–19071988: Cincinnati, Ohio, Art Academy of Cincinnati, Thomas S. Noble 1835–19071990: Washington, DC, Corcoran Gallery, Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710–19401990: Brooklyn, New York, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Facing History: The Black Image in American Art, 1710–19402016: Highland Heights, Kentucky, Northern Kentucky University, Steely LibraryMajor museum/collection holdings
Allen Memorial Art Museum: The Present (1865)Chazen Museum of Art: Grandfather's Story (80th Birthday, The Old Sailor) (1895)Cincinnati Art Museum: Back to School (1859), Ohio Landscape (1890), Study Head of a Man (1865), Portrait of Joseph Longworth (1894), Portrait of David Sinton (1896), Landscape near T.S. Noble's House on Kemper Lane (unknown)The Filson Historical Society: Study for a Figure in Witch Hill (possibly self-portrait) (1867)Greenville County Museum of Art: The Sybil (1896), Cleaning Antiques (1904), Fugitives in Flight (1869)The Johnston Collection: Forgiven (1872)Kentucky Historical Society: The Last Communion of Henry Clay (1870) (also attributed to Robert Walker Weir)Missouri Historical Society: The Last Sale of Slaves in St. Louis (1870)Morris Museum of Art: Price of Blood (1868)National Academy of Design: Self Portrait (unknown)New York Historical Society: John Brown's Blessing (1867) and Witch Hill (1869)Underground Railroad Museum: Margaret Garner (The Modern Medea) (1867)Yale University Art Gallery: Blind Man of Paris (1895), Still Life-A Potted Plant (1875), Man in Brown Suite (from behind) (1870s)