COSPAR ID 1991-034A Spacecraft type Soyuz-TM Period 1.5 hours Dates 18 May 1991 – 10 Oct 1991 Launch date 18 May 1991 Rocket Soyuz-U2 | Orbits completed ~2,260 Manufacturer NPO Energia Apogee 397,000 m Member Anatoly Artsebarsky Landing date 10 October 1991 | |
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Mission duration 144 days, 15 hours, 21 minutes, 50 seconds Launch mass 7,160 kilograms (15,790 lb) | ||
Soyuz tm 12 and first british astronaut helen sharman fly to mir space station in may 1991
Soyuz TM-12 was the 12th expedition to Mir, and included the first Briton in space, Helen Sharman.
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Mission Details
The Mir crew welcomed aboard Anatoli Artsebarski, Sergei Krikalev (on his second visit to the station), and British cosmonaut-researcher Helen Sharman, who was aboard as part of Project Juno, a cooperative venture partly sponsored by British private enterprise. Sharman’s experimental program, which was designed by the Soviets, leaned heavily toward life sciences, her speciality being chemistry. A bag of 250,000 pansy seeds was placed in the Kvant-2 EVA airlock, a compartment not as protected from cosmic radiation as other Mir compartments. Sharman also contacted nine British schools by radio and conducted high-temperature superconductor experiments with the Elektropograph-7K device. Sharman commented that she had difficulty finding equipment on Mir as there was a great deal more equipment than in the trainer in the cosmonaut city of Zvezdny Gorodok. Krikalev commented that, while Mir had more modules than it had had the first time he lived on board, it did not seem less crowded, as it contained more equipment. Krikalev also noted that some of the materials making up the station’s exterior had faded and lost color, but that this had had no impact on the station’s operation.
The spacecraft spent 144 days docked to Mir. While it was in orbit, the failed coup d’etat against Mikhail Gorbachev rocked the Soviet Union, setting in motion events which led to the end of the Soviet Union on January 1, 1992.