Country of origin USSR
Russia Launched 34 Derivative Soyuz-TMA | Status Out of service Regime Low Earth orbit Derived from Soyuz-T | |
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Operator Soviet space program/Russian Federal Space Agency Applications Carry three cosmonauts to Mir and ISS and back Design life Up to six months docked to station Manufacturer S. P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia Similar Soyuz‑T, Mir, Soyuz 7K‑OK, Soyuz 7K‑T, Soyuz | ||
The Soyuz-TM crew transports (T - транспортный - Transportnyi - meaning transport, M - модифицированный - Modifitsirovannyi - meaning modified) were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. It added to the Soyuz-T new docking and rendezvous, radio communications, emergency and integrated parachute/landing engine systems. The new Kurs rendezvous and docking system and the new KTDU-80 propulsion module permitted the Soyuz-TM to maneuver independently of the station, without the station making "mirror image" maneuvers to match unwanted translations introduced by earlier models' aft-mounted attitude control.
The final Soyuz-TM flight was Soyuz TM-34, which launched April 25, 2002 and landed November 10, 2002.