The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia & Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population is generally assumed to negligible, despite the fact that the last census was conducted in 1991.
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Vidovdan slaughter
Mostar was part of the Nazi puppet state known as the Independent State of Croatia (Croatian: Neovisna Država Hrvatska; Serbian: Независна Држава Хрватска or Nezavisna Država Hrvatska), along with the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Ustasha fascist government was led by Ante Pavelić in Zagreb, and its view of Serbs was akin to the Nazi German view of Jews. The persecution of the town's Serbs began in the summer of 1941. The events of June 24–28, 1941 are known by Serbs as the Vidovdan (St. Vitus' day) slaughter (Serbian: Видовдански Покољ or Vidovdanski pokolj), as June 28 is St. Vitus' day in the Serb Orthodox calendar.
Mass arrests of town's Serbs by the Ustashas began on the afternoon of June 24, 1941. The most prominent Serb traders, teachers, and priests of the Serb Orthodox Church were among those arrested. Some were killed the following night, while some were thrown into caverns. Almost thirty of Mostar's Serb citizens were thrown into a cavern above the village of Čitluk, about 10 km from the town.
Serb singing society "Gusle"
The Serb singing society "Gusle" was founded on December 18, 1888 in Mostar. There were 50 founding members, with Jovo R. Šola (Јово Р. Шола) chosen as the first president of the society.
Zora
Zora was a Serb literary magazine founded in 1896, central to Mostar's reputation as a centre of culture. Its full name was Zora: Časopis za zabavu, pokuku i kulturu (Зора: Часопис за забаву, поуку и књижевност).
Churches
During the Bosnian War of 1992-95, the Serb Orthodox Cathedral of the Holy Trinity (Serbian: Саборна црква Св. Тројице) and the Church of the Birth of the Most Holy Virgin (Serbian: Црква Рођења Пресвете Богородице), both dating to the mid-19th century, were demolished by the Croatian Defence Forces. The cathedral was also known as the New Orthodox Church (Serbian: Нова православна црква), while the latter was known as the Old Orthodox Church (Serbian: Стара православна црква). According to the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Nikola Špirić, the reconstruction of the cathedral is due to begin in Spring 2008, and will be partially funded by Prince Charles.
In early 2008, the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros).