Native name Rusko Denomination Bulgarian Orthodox | Nationality Bulgarian Died 1385 | |
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Romylos of Vidin (Bulgarian: Ромил Бдински, also known as Romylos of Ravanica) was a Bulgarian cleric, a disciple of Gregory of Sinai. He was born in Vidin, Bulgaria c. 1330 and died in the Ravanica Monastery, Serbia c. 1385. Romylos was among the brightest followers of the Hesychast tradition in the Eastern Orthodox Church in the 14th century. In the wake of the Ottoman conquest of Bulgaria Romylos was among the many Bulgarian intellectuals who emigrated to neighbouring Orthodox countries and brought their talents and texts.
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Life
He was born in the first quarter of the fourteenth century in the "valiant and glorious city Vidin", northwestern Bulgaria, and given the Bulgarian name of Rusko or Rayko. He was born in a wealthy family to a Bulgarian mother and Greek father. He studied in a school and made impression with his talents. When he reached the age of 14-15 he left Vidin and headed for the capital Tarnovo to avoid his parents' plans to marry him. There he became a monk in one of the many monasteries around the capital and took the monastic name Romanos, later changed to Romylos.
The young monk became a follower of Hesychasm (from Greek "stillness, rest, quiet, silence") – an eremitic tradition of prayer in the Eastern Orthodox Church that flourished in the Balkans during the 14th century and was patronised by the Bulgarian emperor Ivan Alexander (r. 1331–1371). In 1335, Ivan Alexander gave refuge to the renown Hesychast Gregory of Sinai and provided funds for the construction of a monastery near Paroria in the Strandzha mountains in the south-east of the country which it attracted clerics from Bulgaria, Byzantium, and Serbia. Romylos moved to Paroria and became one of Gregory's disciples. There he was one of the most eminent and fervent supporters of the Hesychast theological doctrine, as it was developed in the middle of the 14th century. His stay at Paroria was in difficult times. He had to flee three times to seek safety in the vicinity of Tarnovo near Kilifarevo due to famine and Ottoman brigands.
The persistent Ottoman raids at Paroria eventually compelled Romylos to escape to Mount Athos in the early 1350s. On Mount Athos he lived an ascetic life in isolation near the Great Lavra. Following the Christian defeat at the hands of the Ottoman Turks in the battle of Maritsa in 1371 Romylos fled to Valona on the Adriatic Sea in modern-day Albania. He could not find peace in Valona because the governors of the region were unjust and the priests were unworthy and eventually moved to the Serbian Despotate. There he settled in the Ravanica Monastery in the Kučaj mountains founded in 1377 and completed in 1381 by Prince Lazar of Serbia. The monastery was founded as a refuge for Hesychast monks. Romylos remained in Ravanica until his death a few years later, s. 1385. He died at Ravanica monastery on 16 January. His remains are kept in the monastery and are venerated by both Orthodox and Catholics. His feast day is 16 January according to the Slavonic version of his vita; the Greek version has 1 November.
Vita and cult
The Vita of Romylos was written before 1391 by one of his disciples from Mount Athos called Gregory. Both the Greek and the Slavonic version of his Vita refer to the period he spent on Athos interlacing popular hagiographical clichés with patristic sermons on the eternal value of the monastic virtues, yielding no essential data about his participation in the cultural and philological life of the monastic peninsula. The commonly accepted opinion on the chronological sequence of the Slavic and Greek variant of his Life has been established only in the last two decades of the twentieth century. P. A. Syrku (1855-1905), the scholar who first discovered and published the Slavic text in 1900, based on a Serbian manuscript belonging to the Alexander Hilferding collection, was inclined to accept that it was not a translation but an original text composed directly in Slavic.
St. Romylos was definitely a specific, but neither very popular nor widely venerated saint. According to K. Ivanova, his cult is well attested only on Athos and in the region adjacent to the Monastery of Ravanica in Serbia, where he passed away.
The hagiographical tradition connected with St. Romylos makes it clear that his lay name, Rayko in the Greek and Rusko in the Slavonic version of his Life, was purely Bulgarian, and emphasizes that he was half Greek and half Bulgarian.