Propionic anhydride

Updated on Jan 12, 2024

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Related compounds Acetic anhydride Density 1.02 g/cm³ Melting point -42 °C Pubchem 31263		Formula C6H10O3 Molar mass 130.14 g/mol Boiling point 167 °C

Appearance Clear liquid, with a strong smell similar to vinegar

Propanoic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula (CH₃CH₂CO)₂O. This simple acid anhydride is a colourless liquid. It is a widely used reagent in organic synthesis.

Synthesis

Propanoic anhydride has been prepared by dehydration of propanoic acid using ketene:

2 CH₃CH₂CO₂H + CH₂=C=O → (CH₃CH₂CO)₂O + CH₃CO₂H

Propanoic anhydride is strong smelling and corrosive, and will cause burns on contact with skin. Vapour can burn eyes and lungs.

Due to its potential use as a precursor in the synthesis of fentanyl and fentanyl analogs, propanoic anhydride is regulated by the United States Drug Enforcement Administration as a List I chemical under the Controlled Substances Act.

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