Division Pinophyta Scientific name Phyllocladus Rank Genus | ||
 | ||
Lower classifications Phyllocladus trichomanoides, Phyllocladus aspleniifolius, Phyllocladus alpinus, Phyllocladus hypophyllus, Phyllocladus toatoa | ||
Phyllocladus garden plants
Phyllocladus, the celery pines, is a small genus of conifers, now usually treated in the family Podocarpaceae. Species occur mainly in New Zealand, Tasmania and Malesia in the southern hemisphere, though P. hypophyllus ranges into the Philippines, a short way north of the equator.
Contents
Characteristics
They are small to medium-size trees, reaching 10–30 m tall, or sometimes small shrubs. The main structural shoots are green for 2–3 years, then turn brown as the bark thickens. The leaves are sparse, tiny, scale-like, 2–3 mm long, and only green (photosynthetic) for a short time, soon turning brown. Most photosynthesis is performed by highly modified, leaf-like short shoots called phylloclades; these develop in the axils of the scale leaves, and are simple or compound (depending on species). Simple phylloclades are rhombic, 2–5 cm long, and compound phylloclades are up to 20 cm long and subdivided into 5-15 'leaflet'-like phylloclades 1–3 cm long. The seed cones are berry-like, similar to those of several other Podocarpaceae genera, notably Halocarpus and Prumnopitys, with a fleshy white aril; the seeds are dispersed by birds, which digest the soft fleshy aril as they pass the hard seeds in their droppings.
Taxonomy
Phyllocladus is sufficiently morphologically distinct from the other Podocarpaceae genera that some botanists have treated them separately in their own family, Phyllocladaceae. However, while at least one molecular phylogenetic analysis found Phyllocladus to be sister to Podocarpus sensu stricto and another was equivocal on its position relative to Podocarpaceae s.s., two more recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have placed Phyllocladus within Podocarpaceae as a sister taxon to Lepidothamnus. Morphological analysis supports this placement, and therefore it has been suggested that the distinctive phylloclades in the genus are a synapomorphy.
The five species are genetically distinct, and probably arose between 5 and 7 million years ago.
Species
