 | ||
The Philippine highway network refers to the highway system of the Philippines. It is a network of national roads owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways which are organized into three classifications depending on their function or purpose they serve within the road network: national primary, national secondary, and national tertiary roads. The national roads connecting major cities are numbered N1–N49. They are mostly single and dual carriageways linking three or more cities. Expressways in the Philippines are mostly fully-controlled access, multi-lane, divided toll roads that are privately owned and which are limited to Metro Manila and the island of Luzon.
Contents
As of 2015, the Philippine highway network has a total length of 19,162.72 kilometres (11,907.16 mi) of concrete roads, 9,756.45 kilometres (6,062.38 mi) of asphalt roads, 3,636.96 kilometres (2,259.90 mi) of gravel roads, and 77.24 kilometres (47.99 mi) of earth roads. According to a 2011 report from the Asian Development Bank, the extent of the road network in the Philippines is comparable with or better than many neighboring developing countries in Southeast Asia. However, in terms of the quality of the road system, i.e., the percentage of paved roads and the percentage of those in good or fair condition, the country lags behind its neighbors.
Classification
The national roads in the Philippines are classified into three types by the Department of Public Works and Highways under the Philippine Highway Act (Republic Act No. 917) signed by President Elpidio Quirino on 20 June 1953 and the series of memorandums issued by the DPWH between 2009 and 2014.
1. National Primary 2. National Secondary 3. National TertiaryThe national primary roads are roads which form parts of the main trunkline system and directly connect three or more major cities and metropolitan areas with a population of at least 100,000. They are further classified into the north–south backbone, east–west lateral, and other roads of strategic importance. The north-south backbone refers to the main trunkline, the Pan-Philippine Highway (N1, also designated as Asian Highway 26 [AH26]), which runs from Laoag in the northernmost parts of Luzon to Zamboanga City in southern Mindanao, interconnecting the country's major islands. The east-west lateral roads are roads that traverse this backbone and runs east-west across the different islands. Other roads of strategic importance provide access to other areas vital for regional development and infrastructure.
The national secondary roads are roads that complement the primary roads and provide access to other major population centers. They directly link smaller cities and provincial capitals, airports, seaports, and tourist centers to the primary roads. A third classification was introduced in 2014 known as national tertiary roads. They include other existing roads administered by the DPWH which perform a local function.
Numbering system
The national roads in the Philippines are labelled with pentagonal black-on-white highway shields, based on the shield used by National Routes in Australia. Under the Route Numbering System of the DPWH, highways numbered N1 to N11 are the main routes or corridors, such as the national primary roads that connect 3 or more cities. The other primary roads that link two cities are numbered N50 to N82.
The national secondary roads are assigned with three-digit numbers where the first digit corresponds to the number of the primary road it links to. In the case where the secondary road connects to more than one primary road, its first digit is the lower numbered primary route. Expressways are also numbered and are designated with the prefix "E."
In Metro Manila, an older route numbering system is also being implemented alongside the DPWH highway routes. Created in 1945, Manila's arterial road network consists of 10 radial roads which serve the purpose of conveying traffic in and out of the city of Manila and are numbered in a counter-clockwise pattern, and 6 circumferential roads that serve as the beltways of the city.
Highway routes
The Philippine highway network consists of the following routes, as of 2015:
Expressway routes
Expressways in the Philippines are labelled with pentagonal yellow signs with black numerals. They are prefixed by the letter "E" for "Expressway" and are numbered continuously.