Preceded by Patrick Magruder Appointed by John Adams Succeeded by Alexander Hanson Preceded by Seat established | Preceded by Position established Name Philip Key Succeeded by Position abolished | |
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The Trial of Hon. Daniel E. Sickles for Shooting Philip Barton Key, Esq.
Philip Barton Key Sr. (April 12, 1757 – July 28, 1815), was a Representative from the third district of Maryland, and later a United States federal judge. In contrast to most American politicians of the Revolutionary era United States, Key enlisted as a British Loyalist and fought against the American Revolution. After the war, Key was the only former British American Loyalist to be regain prominence in United States politics.
Contents
- The Trial of Hon Daniel E Sickles for Shooting Philip Barton Key Esq
- Early life
- American Revolutionary War
- English education and American politics
- Death
- References
Early life
Born in Charlestown. Cecil County, Maryland, Key pursued an academic course.
American Revolutionary War
During the American Revolutionary War, Philip Barton Key served in the Maryland Loyalists Battalion as a captain. Key fought under the British Army from 1777-1781 when he and his entire battalion were captured by the Spanish Army– who were at war with the British– in Pensacola, Florida. Key was a prisoner for a month in Havana, Cuba before being paroled and sent to New York City until the end of the war.
English education and American politics
After the war, Key traveled to England to study law at the Middle Temple. In 1785 he returned to Maryland and read law to be admitted to the bar. He began practicing law in Leonardtown, Maryland in 1787, before moving to Annapolis in 1790, becoming a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1794 until 1799. He served as Mayor of Annapolis from 1797 to 1798. He returned briefly to private practice in Annapolis from 1799 to 1800.
On February 18, 1801, Key was nominated by President John Adams to a new seat on the United States circuit court for the Fourth Circuit, created by 2 Stat. 89. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 20, 1801, and received his commission the same day. He served as chief judge of that court from 1801-1802. Key's service was terminated on July 1, 1802, with the abolition of the court.
Key then returned to private practice from 1802 to 1807. He was a Counsel to Justice Samuel Chase during Chase's Senate impeachment trial in 1805. During this time he built and lived in Woodley in Washington, DC.
In the fall of 1806, Key moved to Montgomery County, Maryland and became engaged in agriculture. Between March 4, 1807 and March 3, 1813, he was elected as a Federalist to the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth U.S. Congresses. He also served as chairman for the Committee on District of Columbia during the Tenth Congress.
Death
On July 28, 1815, Key died in Washington County, D.C., and was interred on his Woodley estate. Later, he was re-interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.