Philanthotoxin

Philanthotoxins are components of the venom of Egyptian solitary wasp Philanthus triangulum F. Four toxins are distinguished (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) among which delta-philanthotoxin (dPTX) is the most effective at blocking both glutamate receptors and those that are quisqualate-sensitive, such as the AMPA receptor. It has later been shown that dPTX targets calcium permeable AMPA receptor and kainate receptor but not NMDA receptor.