Period of mobilization for the suppression of Communist rebellion (Chinese: 動員戡亂時期; pinyin: Dòngyuán Kānluàn Shíqí) was a political term used by the government of the Republic of China and Kuomintang party to describe its rule of mainland China from 1947 to 1949, of Taiwan from 1949 to 1987 and of Kinmen, Matsu Islands and Spratly Islands from 1949 to 1991 under martial law. In Taiwan the term "White Terror" is often used to describe the era.
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The Provisional Act
In 1946, the Chinese Civil War between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Government of the Republic of China had resumed, in response of the war, the first session of the National Assembly convened in 1948 enacted the "Mobilization for the Suppression of Communist Rebellion Provisional Act". The Provisional Act is provided to the then President Chiang Kai-shek extended powers to mobilize against the CCP. After the central government of the Republic of China had relocated to Taiwan in 1949, the Provisional Act provided the government ways to suppress its opponents.
Termination
The period was formally ended by President Lee Teng-hui on 1 May 1991, thereby signalling the Republic of China's willingness to abandon unification of China through violent means.