Biblical and holy books and people
Chumash
Tanakh
Torah
Nevi'im
Ketuvim
Origins of Judaism
Jewish history
History of ancient Israel and Judah – Israel and Judah were related Iron Age kingdoms of ancient Canaan. The earliest known reference to the name Israel in archaeological records is in the Merneptah stele, an Egyptian record of c. 1209 BCE.
Ugaritic mythology – The Levant region was inhabited by people who themselves referred to the land as 'ca-na-na-um' as early as the mid-third millennium BCE
Ancient semitic religions – The term ancient Semitic religion encompasses the polytheistic religions of the Semitic speaking peoples of the ancient Near East and Northeast Africa. Its origins are intertwined with Mesopotamian mythology.
Solomon's Temple – the First Temple, was the main temple in ancient Jerusalem, on the Temple Mount (also known as Mount Zion), before its destruction by Nebuchadnezzar II after the Siege of Jerusalem of 587 BCE.
Elohim – a grammatically singular or plural noun for "god" or "gods" in both modern and ancient Hebrew language.
Asherah – a Semitic mother goddess, the wife or consort of the Sumerian Anu or Ugaritic El, the oldest deities of their pantheons
Baal – a Northwest Semitic title and honorific meaning "master" or "lord" that is used for various gods who were patrons of cities in the Levant and Asia Minor
King Saul – the first king of the united Kingdom of Israel.
King David – the second king of the United Kingdom of Israel
King Solomon – the final king before the northern Kingdom of Israel and the southern Kingdom of Judah
Further information:
Tel Dan Stele – a stele (inscribed stone) discovered in 1993/94 during excavations at Tel Dan in northern Israel.
Mesha Stele – a black basalt stone bearing an inscription by the 9th century BC ruler Mesha of Moab in Jordan.
Ezra
Nehemiah
Babylonian captivity
Jerusalem
Temple in Jerusalem
Jerusalem in Judaism
Timeline of Jerusalem
Hasmonean
Herod
Sanhedrin
Pharisees
Sadducees
Essenes
First Jewish–Roman War
Bar Kokhba revolt
Diaspora
Middle Ages
Muslim rule
Sabbateans
Frankism
Haskalah
Emancipation
The Holocaust
Aliyah
History of Zionism
History of Israel
Land of Israel
Baal teshuva movement
Branches and denominations
Judaism
Jewish religious movements
Rabbinic Judaism
Pharisees
Sadducees
Orthodox Judaism
Haredi Judaism
Hasidic Judaism
Misnagdim
Neturei Karta
Hardal
Religious Zionism
Modern Orthodox Judaism
Conservative (Masorti) Judaism
Reform Judaism
Reconstructionist Judaism
Jewish Renewal
Karaite Judaism (counted as hardly existent to no longer existent by at least some Rabbinic Jews, such as Tracey Rich of JewFAQ)
Humanistic Judaism
Messianic Judaism (regarded by virtually all Jewish denominations as a Christian group)
Oral Law and Talmud
Oral Torah
Talmud (as encompassing the main Oral Law)
Mishnah (as stage prior to Gemara)
Jerusalem Talmud
Mishnah (as part of Talmud)
Gemara
Aggadah (as part of Gemara)
Rishonim
Acharonim
Babylonian Talmud
Mishnah (as part of Talmud)
Gemara
Aggadah (as part of Gemara)
Rishonim
Acharonim
Tosefta
Midrash
Midrash Halakha
Midrash Aggadah
Jewish philosophy
Kabbalah
Mussar
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history. But the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the Hebrew term Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literature [of our] sages [of] blessed memory," where Hazal normally refers only to the sages of the Talmudic era). This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmudim, Midrash, and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. On the other hand, the terms meforshim and parshanim (commentaries/commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of Rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts.
The Mishnah and the Tosefta (compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200) are the earliest extant works of rabbinic literature, expounding and developing Judaism's Oral Law, as well as ethical teachings. Following these came the two Talmuds:
The Jerusalem Talmud, c. 450
The Babylonian Talmud, c. 600
The minor tractates (part of the Babylonian Talmud)
Midrash (pl. Midrashim) – Hebrew word referring to a method of reading details into, or out of, a Biblical text. The term midrash also can refer to a compilation of Midrashic teachings, in the form of legal, exegetical, homiletical, or narrative writing, often configured as a commentary on the Bible or Mishnah.
Mishneh Torah
Arba'ah Turim
Shulchan Aruch
Beit Yosef
Chayei Adam
The Responsa literature
Jewish thought, mysticism and ethics
Aggadah:
Aggadic Midrashim
Ein Yaakov
Jewish philosophy:
Philo
Isaac Israeli
Emunot v'Dayyot
Guide to the Perplexed
Bachya ibn Pakuda
Sefer Ikkarim
Wars of the Lord
Or Adonai
Jewish mysticism-Kabbalah:
Kabbalah: Primary texts
Sepher Yetzirah
Bahir
Zohar
Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
Pardes Rimonim
Etz Hayim
The works of Hasidic Judaism:
The Tanya (Likutei Amarim)
Vayoel Moshe
Likutey Moharan
Musar literature:
Mesillat Yesharim
Shaarei Teshuva
Orchot Tzaddikim
Sefer Chasidim
The Lonely Man of Faith
The Siddur and Jewish liturgy
Piyyutim (Classical Jewish poetry)
The Geonim are the rabbis of Sura and Pumbeditha, in Babylon (650 - 1250) :
She'iltoth of Achai Gaon
Halachoth Gedoloth
Emunoth ve-Deoth (Saadia Gaon)
The Siddur by Amram Gaon
Responsa
The Rishonim are the rabbis of the early medieval period (1000 - 1550), such as the following main examples:
The commentaries on the Torah, such as those by Rashi, Abraham ibn Ezra and Nahmanides.
Commentaries on the Talmud, principally by Rashi, his grandson Samuel ben Meir and Nissim of Gerona.
Talmudic novellae (chiddushim) by Tosafists, Nahmanides, Nissim of Gerona, Solomon ben Aderet (RaShBA), Yomtov ben Ashbili (Ritva)
Works of halakha (Asher ben Yechiel, Mordechai ben Hillel)
Codices by Maimonides and Jacob ben Asher, and finally Shulkhan Arukh
Legal responsa, e.g. by Solomon ben Aderet (RaShBA)
Jewish philosophical rationalist works (Maimonides, Gersonides etc.)
Kabbalistic mystical works (such as the Zohar)
Mussar literature ethical works (Bahya ibn Paquda, Jonah of Gerona)
The Acharonim are the rabbiqs from 1550 to the present day, such as the following main examples:
Important Torah commentaries include Keli Yakar (Shlomo Ephraim Luntschitz), Ohr ha-Chayim by Chayim ben-Attar, the commentary of Samson Raphael Hirsch, and the commentary of Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin
Important works of Talmudic novellae include: Pnei Yehoshua, Hafla'ah, Sha'agath Aryei
Codices of halakha e.g. Mishnah Berurah by Yisrael Meir Kagan and the Aruch ha-Shulchan by Yechiel Michel Epstein
Legal responsa, e.g. by Moses Sofer, Moshe Feinstein
Kabbalistic mystical commentaries
Philosophical/metaphysical works (the works of the Maharal of Prague, Moshe Chaim Luzzatto and Nefesh ha-Chayim by Chaim of Volozhin)
Hasidic works (Kedushath Levi, Sefath Emmeth, Shem mi-Shemuel)
Mussar literature ethical works: Moshe Chaim Luzzatto, Yisrael Meir Kagan and the Mussar Movement
Historical works, e.g. Shem ha-Gedolim by Chaim Joseph David Azulai.
Meforshim is a Hebrew word meaning "(classical rabbinical) commentators" (or roughly meaning "exegetes"), and is used as a substitute for the correct word
perushim which means "commentaries". In Judaism this term refers to commentaries on the Torah (five books of Moses), Tanakh, the Mishnah, the Talmud, responsa, even the siddur (Jewish prayerbook), and more.
Classic Torah and/or Talmud commentaries have been written by the following individuals:
Geonim
Saadia Gaon, 10th century Babylon
Rishonim
Rashi (Shlomo Yitzchaki), 12th century France
Abraham ibn Ezra
Nahmanides (Moshe ben Nahman)
Samuel ben Meir, the Rashbam, 12th century France
Rabbi Levi ben Gershom (known as Ralbag or Gersonides)
David ben Joseph Kimhi, the Radak, 13th century France
Joseph ben Isaac, also known as the Bekhor Shor, 12th century France
Nissim ben Reuben Gerondi, the RaN, 14th century Spain
Isaac ben Judah Abravanel (1437–1508)
Obadiah ben Jacob Sforno, 16th century Italy
Acharonim
The Vilna Gaon, Rabbi Eliyahu of Vilna, 18th century Lithuania
The Malbim, Meir Lob ben Jehiel Michael
Classical Talmudic commentaries were written by Rashi. After Rashi the Tosafot were written, which was an omnibus commentary on the Talmud by the disciples and descendants of Rashi; this commentary was based on discussions done in the rabbinic academies of Germany and France.
Holy days and observances
Jewish holiday
Jewish holidays 2000–2050
Shabbat
Major Jewish Holidays
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Sukkot
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Shemini Atzeret
Minor Jewish Holidays
Rosh Chodesh
Purim
Hanukkah
Yom Ha'atzmaut
Fast Days
Seventeenth of Tammuz
Tisha B'Av
Fast of Esther
Fast of Gedalia
Philosophy and jurisprudence
Philosophy
Principles of faith
Chosen people
Eschatology
Jewish ethics
Chillul Hashem
Geneivat da'at
Kiddush Hashem
Lashon hara
Lifnei iver
Noahide Law
Retzach
Law
Holocaust theology
Kabbalah
Kashrut
Messianism
Names of God
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Charity
Modesty
Shatnez
Monotheism
Seven Laws of Noah
Ten Commandments
Jewish principles of faith
613 Mitzvot
Major legal codes and works
Midrash halakha
Arba'ah Turim and Shulchan Aruch
Orach Chayim
Yoreh De'ah
Even Ha'ezer
Choshen Mishpat
Mishneh Torah
Sefer Hamitzvot
Shulchan Aruch HaRav
Chayei Adam
Kitzur Shulchan Aruch
Mishnah Berurah
Aruch HaShulchan
Aveira
Bemeizid
B'rov am hadrat melech
Chumra
D'Oraita and D'Rabbanan
Mitzvah goreret mitzvah
Ikar v'tafel
Neder
Osek b'mitzvah patur min hamitzvah
Pikuach nefesh
Positive time-bound mitzvot
Self-sacrifice in Jewish law
Shomea k'oneh
Toch k'dei dibur
Yad soledet bo
Capital punishment
Kareth
Stoning
Who is a Jew?
Minyan
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Circumcision
Etymology
Marriage
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Menstruation
First born
Cuisine
Matchmaking
Welcome of girls
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Kosher animals
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Mashgiach
Milk and meat in Jewish law
Slaughter
Hechsher
Vegetarianism
Mysticism and the esoteric
Category:Jewish mysticism
Category:Jewish eschatology
Armilus
Atchalta De'Geulah
Gathering of Israel
Gog and Magog
Jewish messianism
Year 6000
Messiah ben Joseph
Messiah ben David
The Messiah at the Gates of Rome
Category:Jewish mystical texts
Category:Kabbalah texts
Category:Kabbalah
Category:Four Worlds
Atziluth
Beri'ah
Yetzirah
Assiah
Category:Kabbalists
Timeline List of Jewish Kabbalists
Category:Practical Kabbalah
Category:Qliphoth
Ohr
Category:Angels in Judaism
Kabbalistic angelic hierarchy
Category:Sephirot
Keter
Chokhmah
Binah
Da'at
Chesed
Gevurah
Tiferet
Netzach
Hod
Yesod
Malkuth
Category:Kabbalah stubs
Names of God in Judaism:
Category:Tetragrammaton
Shemhamphorasch
Ancient of Days
El
El Roi
El Shaddai
Elohim
I Am that I Am
Shaddai
Religious articles and prayers
Aleinu
Amidah
Four Species
Gartel
Hallel
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Kaddish
Kittel
Kol Nidre
Ma Tovu
Menorah
Hanukiah
Mezuzah
Prayers
Sefer Torah
Services
Shema Yisrael
Shofar
Tallit
Tefillin
Tzitzit
Yad
Kippah/Yarmulke
Repentance and return
Return to Judaism:
Repentance in Judaism
Category:Conservative Judaism outreach
Category:Orthodox Jewish outreach
Category:Reform Judaism outreach
Baal teshuva
Baal teshuva movement
Category:Baalei teshuva institutions
Confession in Judaism
Atonement in Judaism
Conversion to Judaism:
Conversion to Judaism
Brit milah
Hatafat dam brit
Tevilah
Mikveh
Category:Converts to Judaism
Category:Converts to Judaism from atheism or agnosticism
Category:Converts to Judaism from Christianity
Category:Converts to Judaism from Islam
Category:Converts to Judaism from Oriental Orthodoxy
Category:Groups who converted to Judaism
Ex-Haredim, (Yetzia bish'eila)
Haskalah
Heresy in Judaism
Heresy in Orthodox Judaism
Jewish anarchism
Jewish atheism
Category:Jewish agnostics
Category:Jewish atheists
List of former Jews
Jewish schisms
Jewish secularism
Secularism in Israel
Category:Secular Jewish culture
Category:Converts from Judaism
Category:Jewish agnostics
Category:Jewish atheists
Category:Converts to Christianity from Judaism
Category:Converts to Islam from Judaism
Who is a Jew?
Interactions with other religions and cultures
Jewish views on religious pluralism
Abrahamic religions
Christianity and Judaism
Relations between Catholicism and Judaism
Christian–Jewish reconciliation
Judeo-Christian
Messianic Judaism
Mormonism
Islam
Jewish Buddhist
Judeo-Paganism
Black Hebrew Israelites
