Trisha Shetty (Editor)

Orthobunyavirus

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Group
  
Group V ((−)ssRNA)

Family
  
Bunyaviridae

Higher classification
  
Bunyaviridae

Order
  
Unassigned

Scientific name
  
Orthobunyavirus

Rank
  
Genus

Orthobunyavirus wwwnaturecomnrmicrojournalv12n10imagesarti

Lower classifications
  
Schmallenberg virus, Akabane virus, Oropouche virus, California encephalitis virus

Medical vocabulary what does orthobunyavirus mean


Orthobunyavirus is a genus of the Bunyaviridae family. There are currently ~170 viruses recognised in this genus. These have been assembled into 48 species and 19 serogroups.

Contents

The type species is Bunyamwera virus.

How to pronounce orthobunyavirus


Epidemiology

The genus is most diverse in Africa, Australia and Oceania, but occurs almost worldwide. Most orthobunyavirus species are transmitted by gnats and cause diseases of cattle. The California encephalitis virus, the La Crosse virus and the Jamestown Canyon virus are North American species that cause encephalitis in humans.

Virology

  • The type species is the Bunyamwera Virus.
  • The virus is spherical, diameter 80 nm to 120 nm, and comprises three single stranded RNA molecules encapsulated in a ribonucleocapsid.
  • The three RNAs are described as S, M and L (for Small, Medium and Large) and are circa 1kb (kilobases), 4.5kb and 6.5kb in length
  • The S RNA encodes the Nucleocapsid protein (N protein) and a non structural protein (NS Protein).
  • The M RNA encodes a polyprotein which is cleaved by host protease into Gn, NSm and Gc proteins.
  • The L RNA encodes the viral RNA dependent RNA Polymerase or L Protein

    • Serogroups

    The taxonomy remains somewhat fluid as relatively few viral genomes in this genus have been sequenced. Several of the viruses listed have been shown to be recombinants of other viruses and may be reclassified.

    18 serogroups have been recognized on the basis of the results of cross-hemagglutination inhibition and antibody neutralization relationships. Another - Wyeomyia - has since been recognised. Several viruses have not yet been classified into one of the serogroups.

    The Simbu serogroup is the largest and contains at least 25 members. There are at least 13 members in the Group C serogroup.

    Medically important viruses belong to the Bwamba, Bunyamwera, California, Group C and Simbu serogroups.

    Anopheles A serogroup

    Anopheles A virus
    Tacaiuma virus
    Virgin River virus

    Trombetas complex

  • Arumateua virus
  • Caraipé virus
  • Trombetas virus
  • Tucuruí virus

    • Anopheles B serogroup

    Anopheles B virus
    Boraceia virus

    Bakau serogroup

    Bakau virus
    Nola virus

    Bunyamwera serogroup

    Birao virus
    Bozo virus
    Bunyamwera virus
    Cache Valley virus
    Fort Sherman virus
    Germiston virus
    Guaroa virus
    Ilesha virus
    Kairi virus
    Main Drain virus
    Northway virus
    Playas virus
    Potosi virus
    Shokwe virus
    Stanfield virus
    Tensaw virus
    Xingu virus

    Batai complex

  • Batai virus
  • Čalovo virus
  • Chittoor virus

    • Ngari complex

  • Garissa virus
  • KV-141 virus
  • Ngari virus

    • Bwamba serogroup

    Bwamba virus
    Pongola virus

    California serogroup

    California encephalitis virus
    Chatanga virus
    Inkoo virus
    Jamestown Canyon virus
    Jerry Slough virus
    Keystone virus
    Khatanga virus
    La Crosse virus
    Lumbo virus
    Melao virus
    Morro Bay virus
    San Angelo virus
    Serra do Navio virus
    Snowshoe hare virus
    South River virus
    Tahyna virus
    Trivittatus virus

    Capim serogroup

    Acara virus
    Benevides virus
    Capim virus

    Gamboa serogroup

    Alajuela virus
    Gamboa virus
    Pueblo Viejo virus
    San Juan virus

    Group C serogroup

    Bruconha virus
    Ossa virus

    Caraparu complex

  • Apeu virus
  • Bruconha virus
  • Caraparu virus
  • Vinces virus

    • Madrid complex

  • Madrid virus
  • Marituba complex
  • Gumbo limbo virus
  • Marituba virus
  • Murutucu virus
  • Nepuyo virus
  • Restan virus

    • Oriboca complex

  • Itaqui virus
  • Oriboca virus

    • Guama serogroup

    Ananindeua virus
    Bertioga virus
    Bimiti virus
    Cananeia virus
    Guama virus
    Guaratuba virus
    Itimirim virus
    Mirim virus

    Koongol serogroup

    Koongol virus
    Wongal virus

    Mapputta serogroup

    Buffalo Creek virus
    Mapputta virus
    Maprik virus
    Murrumbidgee virus
    Salt Ash virus

    Minatitlan serogroup

    Minatitlan virus
    Palestina virus

    Nyando serogroup

    Eretmapodites virus
    Nyamdo virus

    Olifanstlei serogroup

    Botambi virus
    Olifanstlei virus

    Patois serogroup

    Abras virus
    Babahoyo virus
    Pahayokee virus
    Patois virus
    Shark River virus

    Simbu serogroup

    Iquitos virus
    Jatobal virus
    Leanyer virus
    Oropouche serocomplex

  • Madre de Dios virus (MDDV)
  • Oropouche virus

    • Oya virus
    Thimiri virus

    Akabane serocomplex

  • Akabane virus
  • Tinaroo virus

    • Sathuperi serocomplex

  • Douglas virus
  • Sathuperi virus

    • Shuni serocomplex

  • Aino virus
  • Shuni virus

    • Shamonda serocomplex

  • Peaton virus
  • Shamonda virus

    • Simbu complex

  • Schmallenberg virus
  • Simbu virus

    • Tete serogroup

    Batama virus
    Tete virus

    Turlock serogroup

    M'€™Poko virus
    Turlock virus
    Umbre virus

    Wyeomyia serogroup

    Anhembi virus
    Cachoeira Porteira virus
    Iaco virus
    Macaua virus
    Sororoca virus
    Taiassui virus
    Tucunduba virus
    Wyeomyia virus

    Unclassified

    Batama virus
    Bellavista virus
    Belmont virus
    Enseada virus
    Estero Real virus
    Jurona virus
    Kaeng Khei virus
    Kowanyama virus

    References

    Orthobunyavirus Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA