- elevation 240 m (787 ft) Basin area 53,200 km² Country Australia | - elevation 0 m (0 ft) Mouth Gulf of Carpentaria | |
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- location west of China Wall, Northern Territory - location Pasco Inlet, Queensland | ||
The Nicholson River is a river located in the Northern Territory and the state of Queensland, Australia.
Contents
Map of Nicholson River, Queensland, Australia
Course and features
The headwaters of the river rise at the western end of China Wall on the Barkly Tableland, in the Northern Territory and head in a south easterly direction. The river then heads due east and crosses the border into the northwest region of Queensland near Nudjabarra across mostly uninhabited plains. It continues east across the Shadforth Plain and past the Aboriginal community of Doomadgee. The river then veers north near the Tiranna Roadhouse across Hann Crossing and past Escott, just west of Burketown where it is joined by its main tributary the Gregory River. The river continues north and later discharges into Pasco Inlet and the Gulf of Carpentaria. The ephemeral Nicholson has a length of approximately 390 kilometres (242 mi).
The drainage basin of the river occupies an area of 53,200 square kilometres (20,541 sq mi) of which an area of 15,733 square kilometres (6,075 sq mi) is in the Northern Territory and the rest in Queensland. The watershed is wedged between the watersheds for the Robinson River and Settlement Creek watersheds to the north, the Barkly River catchment to the south and the Leichhardt River catchment to the east.
The river had a mean annual discharge of 2,237 gigalitres (4.92×1011 imp gal; 5.91×1011 US gal).
History
The traditional owners of the area are the Ganggalida Wanyi, Maga-Kutana, Wakabunga, Nguburinji and Mingin peoples who have inhabited the region for thousands of years.
The explorer, Ludwig Leichhardt, passed through the area during his 1845 overland expedition from Moreton Bay in Queensland to Port Essington in the Northern Territory. Leichhardt named the river for Dr William Alleyne Nicholson of Bristol in England. In his diary Leichhardt wrote that Nicholson's generous friendship had not only enabled me to devote my time to the study of the natural sciences, but to come out to Australia....
The river is often inundated by heavy rainfall following cyclones that cross the catchment from either the Coral Sea or from the Gulf of Carpentaria. Record flood events occurred in 1971 through the catchment with lesser floods in 2000, 2004 and 2009 all of which led to road closures in the area.