NASA Astronaut Group 12

Pilots

Andrew M. Allen (born 1955), U.S. Marine Corps (3 flights)

STS-46 Atlantis - PilotSTS-62 Columbia - PilotSTS-75 Columbia - Commander

Kenneth D. Bowersox (born 1956), U.S. Navy (5 flights)

STS-50 Columbia - PilotSTS-61 Endeavour - PilotSTS-73 Columbia - CommanderSTS-82 Discovery - CommanderSTS-113 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 3 (launched only)ISS Expedition 6 - ISS CommanderSoyuz TMA-1 - Flight Engineer (landed only)

Curtis L. Brown, Jr. (born 1956), U.S. Air Force (6 flights)

STS-47 Endeavour - PilotSTS-66 Atlantis - PilotSTS-77 Endeavour - PilotSTS-85 Discovery - CommanderSTS-95 Discovery - CommanderSTS-103 Discovery - Commander

Kevin P. Chilton (born 1954), U.S. Air Force (3 flights)

STS-49 Endeavour - PilotSTS-59 Endeavour - PilotSTS-76 Atlantis - Commander

Donald R. McMonagle (born 1952), U.S. Air Force (3 flights)

STS-39 Discovery - Mission Specialist 4STS-54 Endeavour - PilotSTS-66 Atlantis - Commander

William F. Readdy (born 1952), U.S. Navy (3 flights)

STS-42 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3STS-51 Discovery - PilotSTS-79 Atlantis - Commander

Kenneth S. Reightler, Jr. (born 1951), U.S. Navy (2 flights)

STS-48 Discovery - PilotSTS-60 Discovery - Pilot

Mission specialists

Thomas D. Akers (born 1951), U.S. Air Force (4 flights)

STS-41 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3STS-49 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 4STS-61 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 5STS-79 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 1

N. Jan Davis (born 1953), Engineer (3 flights)

STS-47 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 2STS-60 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1STS-85 Discovery - Payload Commander

C. Michael Foale (born 1957), Astrophysicist (6 flights)

STS-45 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3STS-56 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1STS-63 Discovery - Mission Specialist 1STS-84 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 5 (launched only)Mir EO-23/Mir EO-24 - Flight Engineer 2STS-86 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 5 (landed only)STS-103 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3Soyuz TMA-3 - Flight EngineerISS Expedition 8 - ISS Commander

Gregory J. Harbaugh (born 1956), Engineer (4 flights)

STS-39 Discovery - Mission Specialist 2STS-54 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 2STS-71 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 1STS-82 Discovery - Mission Specialist 3

Mae C. Jemison (born 1956), Physician (1 flight)

STS-47 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 4

Bruce E. Melnick (born 1949), U.S. Coat Guard (2 flights)

STS-41 Discovery - Mission Specialist 2STS-49 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 5

Mario Runco, Jr. (born 1952), U.S. Navy (3 flights)

STS-44 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 2STS-54 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 1STS-77 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 3

James S. Voss (born 1949), U.S. Army (5 flights)

STS-44 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3STS-53 Discovery - Mission Specialist 2STS-69 Endeavour - Mission Specialist 1STS-101 Atlantis - Mission Specialist 3STS-102 Discovery - Mission Specialist 4 (launched only)ISS Expedition 2 - Flight Engineer 2STS-105 Discovery - Mission Specialist 4 (landed only)

Further information

The group's informal nickname is an acronym for "George Abbey Final Fifteen". Of this group, Mae Jemison would become the first female African-American in space, while Michael Foale would fly aboard the Mir space station. At the time of the Columbia accident in 2003, William Readdy was Associate Administrator for Space Flight and Kenneth Bowersox was commanding the Expedition 6 crew on the ISS. Chilton, after leaving NASA, became the first NASA astronaut to become a General in the U.S. Air Force (Lt. Gen. Thomas Stafford, USAF, and VADM Richard Truly, USN were three-star officers) and is currently the commander of U.S. Strategic Command.