Monadofilosa is a grouping of Cercozoa. (It is sometimes considered one of three, the other two being Phytomyxa and Reticulofilosa.) These organisms are single-celled amoeboid protists.
Monadofilosa includes the testaceans, which are testate filose amoeboids, and the cercomonads.
It is sometimes described as Testaceafilosia and Sarcomonadea.
It has also been described as Sarcomonadea (Cercomonas, Heteromita, Bodomorpha, Proleptomonas, Allantion), Thecofilosea (Cryptodifflugia, Cryothecomonas), Spongomonadea (Spongomonas, Rhipidodendron), and Imbricatea (Thaumatomonas, Thaumatomastix, Allas, Gyromitus, Euglypha, Trinema, Paulinella).
The testaceans live both in marine and freshwater habitats, and in mosses. Members include Lecythium, Pseudodifflugia, Euglypha (a euglyphid), and Paulinella chromatophora.
Cercomonads are flagellates that glide on their posterior cilium and/or generate filopodia. Members of this group contain Cryothecomonas, Thaumatomonas, which is covered with siliceous scales, and Cercomonas, which is nake. Cercomonas contains several species that show exhibit amoeboid movement, such as the testate amoeba Cyphoderia, and the flagellate Cryothecomonas.
Monadofilosa is sometimes treated as a superclass rather than a subphylum.
Sainouron has been grouped in Monadofilosa.
Phylogeny based on Bass et al. 2009, Howe et al. 2011 and Bass et al. 2016.
Infraphylum Monadofilosa Cavalier-Smith 1997 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith & Oates 2012 [Eoglissa Cavalier-Smiths 2012]
Family ?Katabiidae Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order ?Pseudodimorphida
Order Cercomonadida Poche 1913 emend. Karpov et al. 2006
Class Metromonadea Cavalier-Smith 2007
Order Metromonadida Bass & Cavalier-Smith 2004 emend. Cavalier-Smith & Oates 2012
Order Metopiida Cavalier-Smith 2003
Superclass Glissomonadida-Sainourida
Order Pseudosporida Hibberd 1983 sensu Cavalier-Smith 1993
Order Dimorphida Siemensma 1991 [Endonucleoplastiales]
Order Glissomonadida Howe & Cavalier-Smith 2009 emend. Hess et al. 2013
Order Pansomonadida Vickerman 2005
Order Sainourida [Sainouroidea Cavalier-Smith et al. 2009]
Superclass Ventrifilosa
Class Thecofilosea Cavalier-Smith 2003 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2011 [Tripylea Hertwig 1879]
Order ?Hemimastigida Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner 1988 [Hemimastigophora Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner 1988 sensu Cavalier-Smith 1993; Hemimastigea Foissner, Blatterer & Foissner 1988; Hemimastigidea]}
Order ?Ventricleftida Cavalier-Smith 2011
Subclass Eothecia Cavalier-Smith 2012
Family ?Botuliformidae
Order Matazida Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Ebriida Poche [Ebriidea Lemmermann 1901 emend. Deflandre 1936; Ebiophyta; Ebriacea Lemmermann 1901; Ebriophyceae Loeblich 1970; Ebriales Honigsberg 1964; Stereotestales]
Order Cryomonadida Cavalier-Smith 1993 [Cryothecomonadea; Cryothecomonadida]
Subclass Tectosia Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Tectofilosida Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2003
Infraclass Phaeodaria Haeckel 1879 stat. n. Cavalier-Smith & Chao 2012
Order Eodarida Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Opaloconchida Cavalier-Smith 2012
Class Silicofilosea Adl et al. 2005 emend. Adl et al. 2012 [Imbricatea Cavalier-Smith 2011]
Subclass Placoperla Cavalier-Smith 2012
Superorder Perlatia Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Perlofilida Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Spongomonadida Hibberd 1983 emend. Karpov 1990
Superorder Placofila Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Zoelucasida Cavalier-Smith 2014
Order Rotosphaerida Rainer 1968
Order Thaumatomonadida Shirkina 1987
Subclass Placonuda Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order ?Discocelida Cavalier-Smith 1997
Order ?Discomonadida
Superorder Euglyphia
Order Euglyphida Copeland 1956 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1997 [Euglyphina Bovee 1985]
Superorder Nudisarca Cavalier-Smith 2012
Order Variglissida
Order Marimonadida Cavalier-Smith & Bass 2011 [Auranticordida]
