The Lord Chancellor of Scotland was a Great Officer of State in pre-Union Scotland.
Holders of the office are known from 1123 onwards, but its duties were occasionally performed by an official of lower status with the title of Keeper of the Great Seal. From the 15th century, the Chancellor was normally a Bishop or a Peer.
At the Union, the Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England became the first Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, but the Earl of Seafield continued as Lord Chancellor of Scotland until 1708. He was re-appointed in 1713 and sat as an Extraordinary Lord of Session in that capacity until his death in 1730.
It has been argued that the office is only in abeyance and could potentially be revived. In the event of Scottish independence, the Scottish National Party proposes that the title Chancellor of Scotland be used instead of Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, with additional constitutional powers during the absence of the Monarch from Scotland.
1124-1126: John Capellanus
1126-1143: Herbert of Selkirk
bef.1143-1145: Edward, Bishop of Aberdeen
c.1147–c.1150: William Comyn
bef.1150-1153: Walter, possibly Walter fitz Alan
1153–1165: Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow
1165-1171: Nicholas
c.1171-1178: Walter de Bidun, Bishop of Dunkeld
c.1178–1189: Roger de Beaumont, Bishop of St Andrews
1189–1199: Hugh de Roxburgh, Bishop of Glasgow
1199–1202: William de Malveisin, Bishop of Glasgow
1203-1210: Florence of Holland, Bishop-elect of Glasgow
1211-1224: William del Bois, Archdeacon of Lothian
Alexander II
1226-1227: Thomas de Stirling, Archdeacon of Glasgow
1227-1230: Matthew the Scot, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
1231–1233: William de Bondington, Bishop of Glasgow
1233-1249: Sir William de Lindsay
Alexander III
1249–1250: Robert de Keldeleth, Abbot of Dunfermline
1250-1253: Gamelin, Bishop of St Andrews
1256–1257: Richard de Inverkeithing, Bishop of Dunkeld
1259-1273: William Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
1273–c.1279: William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
1285-1291: Thomas Charteris, Archdeacon of Lothian
1291: Alan de St Edmund, Bishop of Caithness
1292: William de Dumfries
1292: Alan de Dumfries
1294-1295: Thomas de Hunsinghore
1295-1296: Alexander Kennedy
c.1301–c.1305: Nicholas de Balmyle, Bishop of Dunblane
1308–1328: Bernard, Abbot of Arbroath (later Bishop of the Isles)
1328-1329: Walter de Twynham, Rector of Glasgow Primo
1329-1332: Adam de Moravia, Bishop of Brechin
1338-1341: William Bullock, Chancellor to Edward Baliol
1342: William de Bosco
1335x1340–1346: Sir Thomas Charteris
1350-1352: William Caldwell
1353–1370: Patrick de Leuchars, Bishop of Brechin
1370–1377: John de Carrick, Bishop-elect of Dunkeld
1377–1390: John de Peebles, Bishop of Dunkeld
1394: Duncan Petit, Archdeacon of Glasgow
1396-1421: Gilbert de Greenlaw, Bishop of Aberdeen
1422–1425: William Lauder, Bishop of Glasgow
1426–1439: John Cameron, Bishop of Glasgow
1439–c.1444: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton
1444: James Kennedy, Archbishop of Saint Andrews
1444-1447: James Bruce, Bishop of Dunkeld and Glasgow
1447–1453: William Crichton, 1st Lord Crichton,
1454–1456: William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Caithness
1457–1460: George Shoreswood, Bishop of Brechin
1460–1482: Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avandale
1482–1483: John Laing, Bishop of Glasgow
1483: James Livingstone, Bishop of Dunkeld
1483–1488: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
1488 (Feb–Jun): William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen
1488–1492: Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
1493–1497: Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus
1497–1501: George Gordon, 2nd Earl of Huntly
1501–1504: James Stewart, Duke of Ross
1510–1513: Alexander Stewart (d. 1513), Archbishop of St Andrews
1513–1526: James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow (later Archbishop of St Andrews)
1527–1528: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus
1528–1543: Gavin Dunbar, Archbishop of Glasgow
1543–1546: David Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews
1546–1562: George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly
1563–1566: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
1566–1567: George Gordon, 5th Earl of Huntly
1567–1573: James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
1573 (Jan–Sep): Archibald Campbell, 5th Earl of Argyll
1573–1578: John Lyon, 8th Lord Glamis
1578–1579: John Stewart, 4th Earl of Atholl
1579–1584: Colin Campbell, 6th Earl of Argyll
1584–1585: James Stewart, Earl of Arran
1586–1595: John Maitland, 1st Lord Maitland of Thirlestane
1599–1604: John Graham, 3rd Earl of Montrose
1604–1622: Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline
1622–1634: George Hay, 1st Earl of Kinnoull
1635–1638: John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St Andrews
1638–1641: James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton
1641–1660: John Campbell, 1st Earl of Loudoun
1660–1664: William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn
1664–1681: John Leslie, 7th Earl of Rothes (1st Duke of Rothes from 29 May 1680)
1681-1682: Office vacant
1682–1684: George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen
1684–1689: James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth
William II and Mary II
1689-1692: In commission
1692–1696: John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale
1696–1702: Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont
1702–1704: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
1704–1705: John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale
1705–1707: James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of Seafield
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