Rahul Sharma (Editor)

Lophotrochozoa

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Kingdom
  
Animalia

Clade
  
Bilateria

Scientific name
  
Lophotrochozoa

Rank
  
Superphylum

Subkingdom
  
Eumetazoa

Clade
  
Nephrozoa

Higher classification
  
protostome

Lophotrochozoa dvg4ol0hclm7ocloudfrontnetcontentroyprsb2761

Lower classifications
  
molluscs, Annelid, Brachiopod, Bryozoa, Ribbon worms

Ud iii lophotrochozoa ii mollusca part 1


The Lophotrochozoa (/ləˌfɒTrOʊKoʊˈzoʊə/, "crest/wheel animals") are a major grouping of protostome animals. The taxon was discovered based on molecular data. Molecular evidence such as a result of studies of the evolution of small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) supports the monophyly of the phyla listed in the infobox shown at right.

Contents

Lophotrochozoa Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa

Ud iii lophotrochozoa ii mollusca part 2


Terminology

Lophotrochozoa BIL 106 Lecture 16

The word "lophotrochozoan" is sometimes equated with spiralian. When used in a broader sense (sensu lato), it can include rotifers and platyhelminthes. When used sensu stricto, it refers to a subgroup of Spiralia.

Groups

Lophotrochozoa Lophotrochozoahtml 3213Lophotrochozoanjpg

The Lophotrochozoa comprise two groups, the trochozoans and the lophophorata. The exact relationships between the different phyla are not entirely certain.

Lophotrochozoa BIL 106 Lecture 16

  • Trochozoans produce trochophore larvae, which have two bands of cilia around their middle. Previously these were treated together as the Trochozoa, together with the arthropods, which do not produce trochophore larvae but were considered close relatives of the annelids because they are both segmented. However, they show a number of important differences, and the arthropods are now placed separately among the Ecdysozoa. The Trochozoa include the Nemertea, Mollusca, Sipuncula, and Annelida.
  • The Lophophorata are united by the presence of a lophophore, a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth, and so were treated together as the lophophorates. They are unusual in showing radial cleavage, and some authors considered them deuterostomes. The ‘clade’ Lophotrochozoa was founded on evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA, but a later study on LSU and SSU ribosomal genes suggested that the Lophophorata is polyphyletic.

    • Other phyla are included on the basis of molecular data.

    With the introduction of Platytrochozoa and Rouphozoa, the cladogram is as follows:

    Lophotrochozoa Protostomes

    Lophotrochozoa Lophophorates A Brief Taxonomy

    References

    Lophotrochozoa Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA