Architectural style False-front Destroyed 1885 | Opened c.1874 | |
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Status original destroyed by fire in 1885. Location Dodge City, Kansas, United States Owner Chalk Beeson, William H. Harris, Luke Short, and others. | ||
The Long Branch Saloon was a well-known saloon in Dodge City, Kansas from about 1874 to 1885. It had numerous owners, most notably Chalk Beeson and gunfighter Luke Short. The establishment provided gambling and live entertainment, including Beeson's five-person orchestra. It was the scene of several altercations, shoot-outs, gunfights, and standoffs often associated with cattle towns in the American wild west, the most famous of which was the 1879 Long Branch Saloon Gunfight, in which Frank Loving killed Levi Richardson.
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Origins
The saloon was built as the result of a wager between cowboys and soldiers playing ball. Bets were placed and if the cowboys beat the soldiers, the soldiers agreed to provide building materials to construct a saloon.
Chalkley Beeson, a wealthy farmer and rancher, and William Harris bought the saloon in 1878. Harris named it after his hometown of Long Branch, New Jersey. It was a plain storefront bar with little ornamentation, which was typical for frontier saloons of the time. The saloon prospered until the railroad replaced the cattle drive. The establishment burned down in a fire in 1885, and was never rebuilt.
Entertainment
The saloon soon became the most popular and refined saloon in Dodge City. Beeson was a talented musician and led a five-piece orchestra that played nightly. The Long Branch Saloon served milk, tea, lemonade, Sarsaparilla, all types of alcohol including champagne and beer. Anheuser-Busch was the original beer served at the Long Branch. Drinks were kept cold in the winter from ice that came from the river; in the summer ice was shipped by train from the mountains of Colorado. Gambling ranged from a game of five cent "chuck-a-luck" to thousand dollar poker pots.
Notable patrons
The saloon hosted many Old West characters, including Clay Allison, Wyatt Earp, Doc Holliday, Loving, Dave Mather, Town Marshal Charlie Bassett, and brothers Bat, Ed, and James Masterson.
Site of conflicts
The saloon was the site of a gunfight on April 5, 1879 between gamblers Loving and Levi Richardson, who frequented it. Loving accused Richardson of making disrespectful advances towards his wife, and the two got into an argument that turned into a gunfight across a table. Loving was grazed on the hand by one bullet and Richardson was shot three times and died. Town Marshal Bassett arrested Loving, but on April 7, a coroner′s inquest ruled that Loving had acted in self-defense and he was released without charges.
Professional gambler and gunfighter Short's purchase of a partial interest in the saloon in 1883 was credited as one of the causes of the bloodless Dodge City War.
In popular culture
A saloon using the same name was featured in almost every episode of the longest-running television drama, Gunsmoke. A new establishment named the Long Branch Saloon, largely based on Gunsmoke, was built as part of the modern non-profit Boot Hill Museum entertainment and exhibit theme park in Dodge City. The exterior was modeled on period photographs of the original building, while the interior is consistent with period saloons of the era. It is furnished with an 1881 bar and two Golden Eagles on top of the back bar that were once owned by Beeson. The modern saloon hosts the Long Branch Variety Show, the longest-running seasonal show in the country.