This list of non-marine molluscs of the Netherlands is a list of all molluscs other than the marine (salt water) species that live in the Netherlands. This list comprises land snails and slugs, freshwater snails and freshwater clams and mussels. There are 197 non-marine mollusc species living in natural habitats in the Netherlands.
There are 169 gastropod (snail and slug) species (52 freshwater and 117 land species), and 28 freshwater bivalve (clams and mussel) species living in the wild.
As for introduced species, there are 23 introduced gastropod species (2 freshwater and 21 land species plus Candidula unifasciata as possibly non-indigenous one), and 4 bivalve species, living in natural habitats in the Netherlands. A total of 5 freshwater non-indigenous species live in natural habitats.
Summary table of number of species
There are 4 locally extinct species in the Netherlands: the marine gastropod Rissoa membranacea, land gastropod Spermodea lamellata, and freshwater bivalves Unio crassus and Pisidium tenuilineatum.
This list includes only orders, families and species. (Non-indigenous species only occurring greenhouses in the Netherlands are noted separately, below the main list.)
The source for this list is: CLECOM-PROJECT: Checklist of species-group taxa of continental Mollusca living in the Netherlands (CLECOM Section I) 14-07-2002
Neritopsina
Neritidae
Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Architaenioglossa
Aciculidae
Acicula fusca (Montagu, 1803)
Platyla polita polita (Hartmann, 1840)
Viviparidae
Viviparus acerosus (Bourguignat, 1862) - non-indigenous since 2007
Viviparus contectus (Millet, 1813)
Viviparus viviparus viviparus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Neotaenioglossa
Thiaridae
Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Pomatiidae
Pomatias elegans (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Bithyniidae
Bithynia leachii (Sheppard, 1823)
Bithynia tentaculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hydrobiidae
Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843) - non-indigenous
Hydrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803)
Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)
Mercuria anatina (Poiret, 1801)
Heleobia stagnorum (Gmelin, 1791)
Bythiospeum husmanni (C. Boettger, 1963)
Avenionia roberti Boeters, 1967
Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) - non-indigenous
Martoniopsis scholtzi (A. Schmidt, 1856)
Bythinella dunkeri (Frauenfeld, 1857)
Assimineidae
Assiminea grayana Fleming, 1828
Ectobranchia
Valvatidae
Valvata cristata O. F. Müller, 1774
Valvata macrostoma Mörch, 1864
Valvata piscinalis piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774), Valvata piscinalis antiqua Morris, 1838
Pulmonata
Acroloxidae
Acroloxus lacustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Lymnaeidae
Galba truncatula (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Stagnicola palustris (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Stagnicola fuscus (C. Pfeiffer, 1821)
Stagnicola corvus (Gmelin, 1791)
Omphiscola glabra (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Radix auricularia auricularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Radix labiata (Rossmässler, 1835)
Radix balthica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Myxas glutinosa (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Lymnaea stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Physidae
Physa fontinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805) - non-indigenous, synonym Physella heterostropha (Say, 1817)
Aplexa hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Planorbidae
Planorbarius corneus corneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Menetus dilatatus (Gould, 1841) - non-indigenous
Ferrissia fragilis (Tryon, 1863) - syn. Ferrissia clessiniana (Jickeli, 1882)
Planorbis planorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Planorbis carinatus O. F. Müller, 1774
Anisus spirorbis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anisus septemgyratus (Rossmässler, 1835) (syn.: Anisus leucostoma (Millet, 1813))
Anisus vortex (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834)
Bathyomphalus contortus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gyraulus albus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Gyraulus chinensis (Dunker, 1848) - non-indigenous
Gyraulus laevis (Alder, 1838)
Gyraulus riparius (Westerlund, 1865)
Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)
Hippeutis complanatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Segmentina nitida (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Ancylus fluviatilis O. F. Müller, 1774
Ellobiidae
Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801)
Myosotella denticulata (Montagu, 1803)
Leucophytia bidentata (Montagu, 1808)
Carychium minimum O. F. Müller, 1774
Carychium tridentatum (Risso, 1826)
Succineidae
Succinea putris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Succinella oblonga oblonga (Draparnaud, 1801)
Oxyloma elegans elegans (Risso, 1826)
Oxyloma sarsii (Esmark, 1886)
Quickella arenaria (Potiez et Michaud, 1835)
Cochlicopidae
Cochlicopa lubrica (O. F. Müller, 1774) - Cochlicopa repentina Hudec, 1960 is a form of Cochlicopa lubrica.
Cochlicopa lubricella (Rossmässler, 1835)
Lauriidae
Lauria cylindracea (Da Costa, 1778) non-indigenous
Orculidae
Sphyradium doliolum (Bruguière, 1792)
Valloniidae
Vallonia costata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Vallonia pulchella (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Vallonia excentrica Sterki, 1893
Acanthinula aculeata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Spermodea lamellata Jeffreys, 1830 recently not observed
Pupillidae
Pupilla muscorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Vertiginidae
Columella edentula (Draparnaud, 1805)
Columella aspera Waldén, 1966
Truncatellina cylindrica (A. Férussac, 1807)
Vertigo pusilla O. F. Müller, 1774
Vertigo antivertigo (Draparnaud, 1801)
Vertigo substriata (Jeffreys, 1833)
Vertigo pygmaea (Draparnaud, 1801)
Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849)
Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830
Enidae
Merdigera obscura (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Clausiliidae
Cochlodina laminata laminata (Montagu, 1803)
Macrogastra rolphii (Turton, 1826)
Macrogastra attenuata subspecies lineolata (Held, 1836)
Clausilia rugosa subspecies parvula (A. Férussac, 1807)
Clausilia bidentata bidentata (Ström, 1765)
Clausilia dubia dubia Draparnaud, 1805
Balea perversa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Balea heydeni von Maltzan, 1881
Alinda biplicata biplicata (Montagu, 1803) non-indigenous
Ferussaciidae
Cecilioides acicula (O. F. Müller, 1774) non-indigenous
Punctidae
Punctum pygmaeum (Draparnaud, 1801)
Paralaoma servilis (Shuttleworth, 1852) non-indigenous
Helicodiscidae
Lucilla scintilla (R.T. Lowe, 1852) non-indigenous
Discidae
Discus rotundatus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Pristilomatidae
Vitrea contracta (Westerlund, 1871)
Vitrea crystallina (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Euconulidae
Euconulus fulvus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Euconulus trochiformis (Montagu, 1803)
Euconulus praticola (Reinhardt, 1883)
Gastrodontidae
Zonitoides nitidus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Zonitoides excavatus (Alder, 1830)
Oxychilidae
Oxychilus alliarius (Miller, 1822)
Oxychilus cellarius (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Oxychilus draparnaudi draparnaudi (Beck, 1837) non-indigenous
Oxychilus navarricus helveticus (Blum, 1881) non-indigenous
Aegopinella nitidula (Draparnaud, 1805)
Aegopinella nitens (Michaud, 1831) - non-indigenous
Aegopinella pura (Alder, 1830)
Perpolita hammonis (Ström, 1765)
Milacidae
Milax gagates (Draparnaud, 1801)
Milax nigricans (Philippi, 1836) non-indigenous since 1999
Tandonia rustica (Millet, 1843)
Tandonia budapestensis (Hazay, 1881)
Tandonia sowerbyi (A. Férussac, 1823)
Vitrinidae
Vitrinobrachium breve (A. Férussac, 1821)
Eucobresia diaphana (Draparnaud, 1805)
Vitrina pellucida (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Phenacolimax major (A. Férussac, 1807)
Boettgerillidae
Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 - non-indigenous
Limacidae
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758
Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803
Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Malacolimax tenellus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Lehmannia marginata (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Lehmannia valentiana (A. Férussac, 1822)
Agriolimacidae
Deroceras laeve (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Deroceras sturanyi (Simroth, 1894)
Deroceras panormitanum (Lessona et Pollonera, 1882)
Deroceras agreste (Linnaeus, 1758)
Deroceras reticulatum (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Arionidae
Arion rufus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Arion lusitanicus Mabille, 1868 - non-indigenous
Arion fuscus (O.F. Müller, 1774)
Arion circumscriptus Johnston, 1828
Arion silvaticus Lohmander, 1937
Arion hortensis A. Férussac, 1819
Arion distinctus J. Mabille, 1868
Arion intermedius (Normand, 1852)
Bradybaenidae
Fruticicola fruticum (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Helicodontidae
Helicodonta obvoluta subspecies obvoluta (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Cochlicellidae
Cochlicella acuta (O. F. Müller, 1774) - non-indigenous
Cochlicella barbara (Linnaeus, 1758)- non-indigenous
Hygromiidae
Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803) - non-indigenous
Monacha cartusiana (O. F. Müller, 1774 - non-indigenous
Trochulus hispidus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Trochulus striolatus abludens (Locard, 1888) - indigenous?
Helicella itala (Linnaeus, 1758)
Candidula unifasciata unifasciata (Poiret, 1801) - non-indigenous?
Candidula intersecta(Poiret, 1801) - non-indigenous
Candidula gigaxii (L. Pfeiffer, 1850) - non-indigenous
Hygromia cinctella (Draparnaud, 1801) - non-indigenous
Cernuella virgata (Da Costa, 1778) - non-indigenous
Cernuella cisalpina (Rossmässler, 1837) - non-indigenous
Cernuella aginnica (Locard, 1894) - non-indigenous
Cernuella neglecta (Draparnaud, 1805) - non-indigenous
Pseudotrichia rubiginosa (Rossmässler, 1838)
Monachoides incarnatus (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Helicidae
Arianta arbustorum arbustorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Helicigona lapicida lapicida (Linnaeus, 1758)
Theba pisana pisana (O. F. Müller, 1774) - non-indigenous
Cepaea nemoralis nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cepaea hortensis (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Cornu aspersum aspersum (O.F. Müller, 1774) - non-indigenous
Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758 - non-indigenous
Unionoida
Unionidae
Unio pictorum pictorum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Unio tumidus depressus (Donovan, 1802)
Unio crassus Philipsson, 1788 - recently not observed
Anodonta anatina anatina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Anodonta cygnea cygnea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Pseudanodonta complanata elongata (Holandre, 1836)
Veneroida
Corbiculidae
Corbicula fluminea (O. F. Müller, 1774) - non-indigenous
Sphaeriidae
Sphaerium corneum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sphaerium nucleus (S. Studer, 1820)
Sphaerium rivicola (Lamarck, 1818)
Sphaerium solidum (Normand, 1844)
Musculium lacustre (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Musculium transversum (Say, 1829) - non-indigenous
Pisidium amnicum (O. F. Müller, 1774)
Pisidium casertanum (Poli, 1791)
Pisidium personatum Malm, 1855
Pisidium obtusale obtusale (Lamarck, 1818)
Pisidium henslowanum (Sheppard, 1823)
Pisidium supinum A. Schmidt, 1851
Pisidium hibernicum Westerlund, 1894
Pisidium nitidum Jenyns, 1832
Pisidium pseudosphaerium Favre, 1927
Pisidium milium Held, 1836
Pisidium subtruncatum Malm, 1855
Pisidium pulchellum (Jenyns, 1832)
Pisidium tenuilineatum Stelfox, 1918 - recently not observed
Pisidium moitessierianum Paladilhe, 1866
Dreissenidae
Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) - non-indigenous
Mytilopsis leucophaeata (Conrad, 1831)
List of synanthropic species in the Netherlands
These species do not live in the wild or are not recorded in the wild yet, but live in greenouses and similar biotopes.
List (alphabetically according scientific name):
(Dutch) Bruyne, R.H. de, 1991. Schelpen van de Nederlandse kust. Jeugdbondsuitgeverij Stichting Uitgevrij KNNV, 165 pag.
(Dutch) Bruyne, R.H. de, 2004. Veldgids Schelpen. KNNV Uitgeverij, ISBN 90-5011-140-8, 234 pag.
(Dutch) De Bruyne, R.H., Wallbrink, H. & Gmelig Meyling, A. 2003. Bedreigde en verdwenen land- en zoetwaterweekdieren in Nederland (Mollusca). Basisrapport met voorstel voor de Rode Lijst. European Invertebrate Survey-Nederland, Leiden & Stichting Anemoon, Heemstede. (Red list of Dutch molluscs.)
(Dutch) Bruyne, R.H. de, Bank, R.A., Adema, J.P.H.M. & Perk, F.A., 1994. Nederlandse naamlijst van de weekdieren (Mollusca) van Nederland en België. Feestuitgave ter gelegenheid van het zestigjarig jubileum van de Nederlandse Malacologische Vereniging. Backhuys, Leiden. 149 pp. ISBN 90-73348-33-1
(Dutch) Gittenberger, E., Backhys, W., Ripken, Th.E.J., 1984. De landslakken van Nederland. KNNV, Hoogwoud, 184 pp. [2e druk]
(Dutch) Gittenberger, E., Janssen, A.W., Kuijper, W.J., Kuiper, J.G.J., Meijer, T., Velde, G. van der & Vries, J.N. de, 1998. De Nederlandse zoetwatermollusken. Recente en fossiele weekdieren uit zoet en brak water. Nederlandse Fauna 2. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, KNNV Uitgeverij & EIS-Nederland, Leiden, 288 pp. ISBN 90-5011-201-3
(German) Kerney, M.P., Cameron, R.A.D. & Jungbluth, J.H., 1983. Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Hamburg/Berlin, 384 pp.
