Linear Pulse Code Modulation (LPCM, generally only described as PCM) is the format for uncompressed audio in media files and it is also the standard for CD-DA; note that in computers, LPCM is usually stored in container formats such as WAV, AIFF, or AU, or as raw audio format, although not technically necessary.FFmpegPulse-density modulation (PDM)Direct Stream Digital (DSD) is standard for Super Audio CDfoobar2000 Super Audio CD Decoder (based on MPEG-4 DST reference decoder)FFmpeg (based on dsd2pcm)Pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)Actively usedMost popularApple Lossless Audio Codec (ALAC)Apple QuickTimelibalacFFmpegFree Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)libFLACFFmpegMonkey's Audio (APE)Monkey's Audio SDKFFmpeg (decoder only)OptimFROG (OFR)Tom's verlustfreier Audiokompressor (TAK)TAK SDKFFmpeg (decoder only)WavPack (WV)libwavpackFFmpegTrue Audio (TTA)libttaFFmpegWindows Media Audio Lossless (WMAL)Windows Media EncoderFFmpeg (decoder only)OtherDTS-HD Master Audio, also known as DTS++ and DCA XLLlibdca (decoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only)Dolby TrueHD – Standard for DVD-Audio in Blu-ray (mathematically based on MLP)FFmpegMeridian Lossless Packing (MLP), also known as Packed PCM (PPCM) – Standard for DVD-Audio in DVDFFmpegMPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (MPEG-4 ALS)SSC, DST, ALS and SLS reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd.10:2007)FFmpeg (decoding only)MPEG-4 Scalable Lossless Coding (MPEG-4 SLS) – Parts of it are used in HD-AAC.SSC, DST, ALS and SLS reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd.10:2007)RealAudio LosslessRealPlayerFFmpeg (decoding only)BFDLAC (BFD Lossless Audio Compression). Ongoing development.FXpansion's BFD3 drum software. (2013-2017)OddballATRAC Advanced Lossless (AAL) – Extremely unpopularFFmpeg (lossy decoder only)Direct Stream Transfer (DST) - Only used for Direct Stream DigitalSSC, DST, ALS and SLS reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001/Amd.10:2007)FFmpeg (decoder only)Original Sound Quality (OSQ) - Only used in WaveLabDiscontinuedLossless Audio (LA) – No update for 10+ yearsShorten (SHN) – Officially discontinued.libshnFFmpeg (decoding only)Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (LPAC) – Predecessor of MPEG-4 ALSLossless Transform Audio Compression (LTAC) – Predecessor of LPACMPEG-1 Audio Layer III HD (mp3HD) – Officially discontinuedRK Audio (RKAU) – Officially discontinuedAdaptive Differential (or Delta) pulse-code modulation (ADPCM, see pulse-code modulation)Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding (ATRAC, used in MiniDisc devices)FFmpeg (decoder only)ATSC/ETSI standards:Dolby Digital (AC3, ATSC A/52, ETSI TS 102 366)FFmpegliba52 (decoder only)DTS Coherent Acoustics (DTS, Digital Theatre System Coherent Acoustics, ETSI TS 102 114)FFmpeglibdca (decoder only)Impala FORscene audio codecITU standards:G.719G.722FFmpegG.722.1 and G.722.1 Annex Clibg722_1libsiren (part of libmsn and msn-pecan)G.722.23GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementationopencore-amr (decoder)VisualOn AMR-WB encoderFFmpeg (decoding only)MPEG-1 Audio and MPEG-2 Audiolayer I (MP1) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpeg (decoder only)layer II (MP2) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpegtooLame (encoding only)twoLame (encoding only)layer III (MP3) (MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and non-ISO MPEG-2.5)FFmpeg (decoding only)LAME (encoding only)Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) (MPEG-2 Part 7)FAAC (encoder) and FAAD (decoder)FFmpegiTunesNero AAC CodecVisualOn AAC Encoder (a.k.a. libvo_aacenc)Fraunhofer FDK AAClibaacplusMPEG-4 AudioAdvanced Audio Coding (AAC), (MPEG-4 Part 3 subpart 4), HE-AACFAAC, FAAD2FFmpegiTunesNero AAC CodecMPEG-4 AAC reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)Harmonic and Individual Lines and Noise (HILN, MPEG-4 Parametric Audio Coding)MPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)TwinVQMPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)FFmpeg (decoding only)BSAC (Bit-Sliced Arithmetic Coding)MPEG-4 reference software (ISO/IEC 14496-5:2001)Musepack (a.k.a. MPEGplus)Musepack SV8 ToolsFFmpeg (decoding only)IETF standards:Opus (RFC 6716) – based on SILK vocoder and CELT codeclibopusFFmpeg (decoding and experimental encoding)AT&T Perceptual audio coderQDesign (purchased by DTS)QDesign Music Codec – used in Apple QuickTimeFFmpeg (decoding only)PictureTel (purchased by Polycom)Siren 7libg722_1libsiren (part of libmsn and msn-pecan)Siren 14libg722_1Siren 22NTT TwinVQFFmpeg (decoder only)NTT TwinVQ Encoder, NTT TwinVQ PlayerVoxware MetaSound (a variant of NTT TwinVQ)Windows Media Player (voxmsdec.ax)FFmpeg (decoder only)VorbisaoTuVFFmpeglibvorbisTremor (decoder only)Windows Media Audio (WMA)Windows Media EncoderFFmpegBluetooth
Bluetooth Special Interest GroupLow Complexity Subband Coding (SBC)BlueZQualcomm Technologies International (formerly CSR)aptX (a.k.a. apt-X. used in Bluetooth)Qualcomm libbt-aptxaptX HDSonyLDAC (used in bluetooth)(low bit rate, optimized for speech)
Xiph.Org FoundationSpeex, patent freelibspeexDialogic ADPCM (VOX)International Voice Association (IVA) standards:Digital Speech Standard / Standard Play (DSS-SP)FFmpeg (decoding only)Digital Speech Standard / Quality Play (DSS-QP)ITU standards:G.711 (a-law and μ-law companding), also known as PCM of voice frequenciesFFmpeg (libavcodec)G.711.0 (G.711 LLC)G.711.1 (Wideband extension for G.711)G.711.1D (Super-wideband extension for G.711.1)G.718G.718B (Super-wideband extension for G.718)G.719G.721 (superseded by G.726)G.722 (SB-ADPCM)FFmpegG.722B (Super-wideband extension for G.722)G.722.1G.722.2 (AMR-WB)3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementationopencore-amr (decoder)FFmpeg (decoder only)G.723 (24 and 40 kbit/s DPCM, extension to G.721, superseded by G.726)G.723.1 (MPC-MLQ or ACELP)FFmpegG.726 (ADPCM)FFmpeg (libavcodec)G.728 (LD-CELP)G.729 (CS-ACELP)FFmpeg (decoder only)G.729aG.729dFFmpeg (decoder only)G.729.1 (Wideband extension for G.711)G.729.1E (Super-wideband extension for G.729.1)Googleinternet Speech Audio Codec (iSAC)WebRTCNellymoser Asao CodecFFmpeg (libavcodec)PictureTel PT716, PT716plusPictureTel PT724RTAudio – used by Microsoft Live Communication ServerSVOPC – used by SkypeOpenLPC – created by Future DynamicsHawkVoice (libHVDI)Truespeech Triple Rate CODER (TRC) – used in some pocket recordersANSI/SCTEANSI/SCTE 24-21 2006 (BroadVoice16)BroadVoice Speech Codec Open Source C CodeANSI/SCTE 24-22 2013 (iLBCv2.0)ANSI/SCTE 24-23 2007 (BroadVoice32)BroadVoice Speech Codec Open Source C CodeIETF RFCs:Internet Low Bit Rate Codec (iLBC, RFC 3951) – developed by Global IP Solutions/GoogleWebRTCIETF Internet DraftIPMR Speech Codec (used by SPIRIT DSP and many others)SILK (used by Skype)CELT (developed by Xiph.Org Foundation)libceltMPEG-4 AudioMPEG-4 CELPMPEG-4 HVXCSkyphone MPLPInmarsatINMARSAT-M IMBEInmarsat Mini-M AMBEThose codecs are used by many PC games which use voice chats via Microsoft DirectPlay API.
Voxware MetaVoiceWindows Media Player (voxmvdec.ax)TruespeechWindows Media Player (tssoft32.acm)FFmpeg (decoder only)MS GSMWindows Media Player (msgsm32.acm)libgsmFFmpeg (decoder only)MS-ADPCMWindows Media Player (msadp32.acm)FFmpegMobile phone
Generation 2
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) GSMFull Rate (GSM 06.10, RPE-LTP)libgsmFFmpeg (decoder only)Half Rate (GSM 06.20, VSELP 5.6kbit/s)Enhanced Full Rate (GSM 06.60, ACELP 12.20kbit/s, compatible with AMR mode AMR_12.20)Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) IS-95 (a.k.a. cdmaOne)IS-96A (QCELP 8kbit/s)IS-127 (EVRC 8kbit/s)IS-733 (QCELP 13kbit/s)Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) IS-54/IS-136 (a.k.a. Digital AMPS)IS-85 (VSELP 8kbit/s)IS-641 (ACELP 7.4kbit/s, compatible with AMR mode AMR_7.40)Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) RCR STD-27 (PDC)PDC-HR (PSI-CELP 3.45kbit/s)PDC-FR (VSELP 11.2kbit/s)PDC-EFR CS-ACELP 8kbit/s (a.k.a. G.729)PDC-EFR ACELP 6.7kbit/s (compatible with AMR mode AMR_6.70)Generation 3/4
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR)AMR-NB3GPP TS 26.073 – AMR speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementationopencore-amr (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrnb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)AMR-WB3GPP TS 26.173 – AMR-WB speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementationopencore-amr (decoder), from OpenCORE (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libopencore-amrwb to incorporate the OpenCORE lib)vo-amrwbenc (encoder), from VisualOn, included in Android (one may compile ffmpeg with—enable-libvo-amrwbenc to incorporate the VisualOn lib)FFmpeg (by default decoder only, but see above the compiling options).AMR-WB+3GPP TS 26.273 – AMR-WB+ speech Codec (C-source code) – reference implementationEnhanced Voice Services (EVS)3GPP TS.26.443 – Codec for Enhanced Voice Services (EVS) – ANSI C code (floating-point)3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC, a.k.a. IS-127) – based on RCELPFFmpeg (decoder only)Enhanced Variable Rate Codec B (EVRC-B)QCELP (Qualcomm Code Excited Linear Prediction)QCELP-8 (a.k.a. SmartRate or IS-96C)FFmpeg (decoder only)QCELP-13 (a.k.a. PureVoice or IS-733)FFmpeg (decoder only)Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV)Variable Multi Rate – WideBand (VMR-WB)Professional mobile radio
APCOProject 25 Phase 2 Enhanced Full-Rate (AMBE+2 4400bit/s with 2800bit/s FEC)Project 25 Phase 2 Half-Rate (AMBE+2 2450bit/s with 1150bit/s FEC) – also used in NXDN and DMRmbelib (decoder only)Project 25 Phase 1 Full Rate (IMBE 7200bit/s)mbelib (decoder only)European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)ETS 300 395-2 (TETRA ACELP 4.6kbit/s)TETRAPOLRPCELP 6kbit/sD-STAR Digital Voice (AMBE 2400bit/s with 1200bit/s FEC)mbelib (decoder only)Professional Digital Trunking System Industry Association (PDT Alliance) standards:NVOC – used in ChinaSpirit DSP RALCWIDSPINISPR RobustTWELP RobustCodec2RL-CELP (used in Japanese railways)Military
U.S. Department of Defence (DoD) Federal Standard:FS-1015 (a.k.a. LPC-10)HawkVoice (libHVDI)FS-1016 (CELP)HawkVoice (libHVDI)FS-1023 (CVSD 12kbit/s)United States Military Standard (MIL-STD)MIL-STD-188 113 (CVSD 16kbit/s and 32kbit/s)SoX (libsox)MIL-STD-3005 (a.k.a. MELP)Texas Instruments' 2.4 kbit/s MELP Proposed Federal Standard speech coderNATOSTANAG 4198 (a.k.a. LPC-10e)STANAG-4591 (a.k.a. MELPe)BBN NRV – developed in DARPA programBiMContinuous Media Markup Language (CMML)MPEG-4 Part 17 (e.g. 3GPP Timed Text)ttyrecITU-T/ISO/IEC standards:H.264 losslessx264 (encoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only, uses x264 for encoding)Motion JPEG 2000 losslesslibopenjpegIETF standards:ZRLE (RFC 6143 7.7.6) - used by VNCSMPTE standards:VC-2 HQ lossless (a.k.a. Dirac Pro lossless)libdiraclibschroedingerAlparysoft Lossless Video Codec (Alpary)Apple Animation (QuickTime RLE)QuickTimeFFmpegArithYuvAVIzlibLCL (VfW codec) MSZH and ZLIBFFmpegAutodesk Animator Codec (AASC)FFmpeg (decoder only)CamStudio GZIP/LZOFFmpeg (decoder only)Chennai Codec (EVX-2)DxtoryFFmpeg (decoder only)FastCodecFFV1 FFV1's compression factor is comparable to Motion JPEG 2000, but based on quicker algorithms (allows real-time capture). Written by Michael Niedermayer and published as part of FFmpeg under to GNU LGPL.FFmpegFlash Screen Video v1/v2FFmpegFM Screen Capture CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)Fraps codec (FPS1)FFmpeg (decoder only)Grass Valley LosslessGrass Valley Codec OptionFFmpeg (decoder only)Huffyuv Huffyuv (or HuffYUV) was written by Ben Rudiak-Gould and published under the terms of the GNU GPL as free software, meant to replace uncompressed YCbCr as a video capture format. It uses very little cpu but takes a lot of disk space. See also ffvhuff which is an "FFmpeg" only version of it.FFmpegIgCodecinnoHeim/Rsupport Screen Capture CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)Lagarith A more up-to-date fork of Huffyuv is available as LagarithLagarith Codec (VfW codec)FFmpeg (decoder only)LOCO - based on JPEG-LSFFmpeg (decoder only)MagicYUVMagicYUV SDKFFmpeg (decoder only)MSU Lossless Video CodecMSU Screen Capture LosslessCorePNG - based on PNGFFmpegScreenPresso (SPV1)FFmpeg (decoder only)ScreenPressor - a successor of MSU Screen Capture LosslessFFmpeg (decoder only)SheerVideoFFmpeg (decoder only)Snow losslessFFmpegTechSmith Screen Capture Codec (TSCC)EnSharpen Video Codec for QuickTimeFFmpeg (decoder only)ToponokyUt VideolibutvideoFFmpegVBLEFFmpeg (decoder only)VMnc VMware screen codec - used by VMware WorkstationFFmpeg (decoder only)VP9 by GooglelibvpxFFmpeg (decoder only)YULSZeroCodecFFmpeg (decoder only)ZMBV (Zip Motion Block Video) Codec - used by DOSBoxFFmpegCinemaDNG Raw (created by Adobe, used by Blackmagic)DXAScummVM Tools (encoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only)Blackbird FORscene video codecCinepak (a.k.a. Apple Compact Video)FFmpeg (decoder only)DiracSchrödingerdirac-researchFFmpeg (decoder only)Firebird Original FORscene video codecH.261 (a.k.a. Px64)FFmpeg H.261 (libavcodec)MPEG-1 Part 2 (MPEG-1 Video)Elecard MPEG-1 Decoder/EncoderFFmpegMainConcept MPEG-1TMPGEncH.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 (MPEG-2 Video)Canopus ProCoderCinema Craft EncoderElecard MPEG-2 Video Decoder/EncoderFFmpegInterVideo Video DecoderMainConcept MPEG-2TMPGEncH.263FFmpeg H.263 (libavcodec)MPEG-4 Part 2 (MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile)3ivxDivXElecard MPEG-4 Decoder/EncoderlibavcodecHDX4Nero DigitalXvidH.264/MPEG-4 AVC or MPEG-4 Part 10 (MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding), approved for Blu-rayCoreAVC (decoder only; limited to below Hi10P profile)Elecard AVC Decoder/Encoder (baseline and main profile)MainConceptNero DigitalQuickTime H.264Sorenson AVC Pro codec, Sorenson's new implementationOpenH264 (baseline profile only)x264 (encoder only; supports some of Hi422P and Hi444PP features)FFmpeg (decoder only)MPEG-4 AVC variants:MPEG-4 Web Video Coding or MPEG-4 Part 29 – a subset of MPEG-4 AVC baseline profileScalable Video CodingXAVCHEVCx265 (encoder only)Indeo 2 (RTV 2.1)/3/4/5FFmpeg (decoder only)OMS VideoOn2 Technologies TrueMotion VP3/VP4, VP5, VP6, VP7, VP8; under the name The Duck Corporation: TrueMotion S, TrueMotion 2, TrueMotion RT 2.0FFmpeg (decoder only)RealVideoFFmpegSnow Wavelet CodecSorenson Video, Sorenson SparkFFmpegTheoraFFmpeg (decoding only)libtheoraVC-1 (SMPTE standard, subset of Windows Media Video)FFmpeg (decoder only)VP9 by GoogleWindows Media Video (WMV)WAX (Part of the Windows Media Series)FFmpegGuobiao standards (GB/T)Audio Video Standard (AVS)AVS1-P2 (GB/T 20090.2-2006)FFmpeg (decoding only)AVS1-P7 (AVS-M; under-development)AVS-S-P2 (under-development)AVS2-P2 (a.k.a. IEEE 1857.4; under-development)uAVS2 Encoderuavs2d (decoder only)SVAC (GB/T 25724-2010)Motion JPEGFFmpegMorgan Multimedia M-JPEGPegasus PICVideo M-JPEGMainConcept M-JPEGISO/IEC standardMotion JPEG 2000 (ISO/IEC 15444-3, ITU-T T.802)libopenjpegFFmpegDV (IEC 61834)FFmpegMPEG-4 SStP (ISO/IEC 14496-2)Redcode RAW (used in RED cameras) – a modified version of JPEG 2000libredcodeApple ProRes 422/4444FFmpegApple Intermediate CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)Apple PixletFFmpeg (decoder only)AVC-Intrax264 (encoder only)FFmpeg (decoder only)AVC-Ultra – a subset of MPEG-4 AVC Hi444PP profileXAVC-ISMPTE standardVC-2 SMPTE standard (a.k.a. Dirac Pro. SMPTE ST 2042)Schrödingerdirac-researchVC-2 Reference Encoder and Decoder – developed by BBC (a.k.a. Dirac)FFmpeg (the encoder only supports VC-2 HQ profile)VC-3 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2019)Avid DNxHDFFmpegVC-5 SMPTE standard (SMPTE ST 2073)GoPro CineFormFFmpeg (decoder only)Grass Valley HQ/HQA/HQXGrass Valley Codec OptionFFmpeg (decoder only)NewTek NT25NewTek SpeedHQFFmpeg (decoder only)Multiview Video CodingBink Video, Smacker videoFFmpeglibavcodecNintendo Mobiclip video codecCRI Sofdec codec - a MPEG variant with 11-bit DC and color space correction; used in Sofdec middlewareCRI P256 - used in Sofdec middleware for Nintendo DSIndeo Video Interactive (aka Indeo 4/5) - used in PC games for Microsoft WindowsFFmpeg (decoder only)Hap/Hap Alpha/Hap QVIDVOX hap codecFFmpegDXV CodecResolume DXV CodecFFmpeg (decoder only)VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC)