A study by the National Audubon Society has found that populations of some the most common birds in North America have plummeted since 1967, with some species showing a decline of 80 percent. The study also found that California species were particularly affected, with population declines of 75 to 96 percent for several species, including the northern pintail, horned lark and loggerhead shrike. The decline may be due to loss of habitat to urban sprawl, especially grasslands, forests and wetlands, energy development and industrialized agriculture. Climate change could compound losses in the future.
The taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adhere to the conventions of the AOU's (1998) Check-list of North American Birds, the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOU's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the Check-list, "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOU 1998). See Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization.
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to designate some species:
(A) = accidental occurrence; based on one or two (rarely more) records, and unlikely to occur regularly
(C) = casual occurrence; based on two or more records, with subsequent records not improbable
(E) = Extinct; a recent species that no longer exists
(Ex) = extirpated; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere
(I) = introduced population; established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous
This list follows the ABA for determination of rarity. The markings (A) and {C} correspond to the ABA birding codes five and four respectively.
Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
EX - extinct,
EW - extinct in the wild
CR - critically endangered,
EN - endangered,
VU - vulnerable
NT - near threatened,
LC - least concern
DD - data deficient,
NE - not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014)
and Endangered Species Act:
E - endangered,
T - threatened
XN,
XE - experimental non essential or essential population
E(S/A),
T(S/A) - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014)
Ducks, geese and swans
Order: Anseriformes Family: Anatidae
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, bills which are flattened to a greater or lesser extent, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
Black-bellied whistling duck, Dendrocygna autumnalis LC
Fulvous whistling duck, Dendrocygna bicolor LC
Taiga bean goose, Anser fabalis LC (without A. serrirostris)
Tundra bean goose, Anser serrirostris (A. fabalis: LC)
Pink-footed goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (C) LC
Graylag goose, Anser anser (A) LC
Greater white-fronted goose, Anser albifrons LC
Lesser white-fronted goose, Anser erythropus (A) VU
Emperor goose, Chen canagica NT
Snow goose, Chen caerulescens LC
Ross's goose, Chen rossii LC
Cackling goose, Branta hutchinsii LC
Canada goose, Branta canadensis LC
Nene, Branta sandvicensis VU E
Brent goose, Branta bernicla LC
Barnacle goose, Branta leucopsis (C) LC
Mute swan, Cygnus olor (I) LC
Trumpeter swan, Cygnus buccinator LC
Tundra swan, Cygnus columbianus LC
Whooper swan, Cygnus cygnus LC
Egyptian goose, Alopachen aegyptiaca (I) LC
Muscovy duck, Cairina moschata LC
Wood duck, Aix sponsa LC
Gadwall, Anas strepera LC
Falcated duck, Anas falcata (C) NT
Eurasian wigeon, Anas penelope LC
American wigeon, Anas americana LC
American black duck, Anas rubripes LC
Mallard, Anas platyrhynchos LC
Hawaiian duck, Anas wyvilliana EN E
Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis CR E
Mottled duck, Anas fulvigula LC
Spot-billed duck, Anas poecilorhyncha (A) LC (only Eastern spot-billed duck, Anas (poecilorhyncha) zonorhyncha)
Blue-winged teal, Anas discors LC
Cinnamon teal, Anas cyanoptera LC
Northern shoveler, Anas clypeata LC
White-cheeked pintail, Anas bahamensis (C) LC
Northern pintail, Anas acuta LC
Garganey, Anas querquedula (C) LC
Baikal teal, Anas formosa (C) LC
Green-winged teal, Anas carolinensis (A. crecca: LC)
Common teal Anas crecca (C) LC
Canvasback, Aythya valisineria LC
Redhead, Aythya americana LC
Common pochard, Aythya ferina LC
Ring-necked duck, Aythya collaris LC
Tufted duck, Aythya fuligula LC
Greater scaup, Aythya marila LC
Lesser scaup, Aythya affinis LC
Steller's eider, Polysticta stelleri VU T
Spectacled eider, Somateria fischeri LC T
King eider, Somateria spectabilis LC
Common eider, Somateria mollissima LC
Harlequin duck, Histrionicus histrionicus LC
Labrador duck, Camptorhynchus labradorius (E) EX
Surf scoter, Melanitta perspicillata LC
White-winged scoter, Melanitta deglandi LC
Black scoter, Melanitta americana NT
Common scoter, Melanitta nigra (A) LC
Long-tailed duck, Clangula hyemalis VU
Bufflehead, Bucephala albeola LC
Common goldeneye, Bucephala clangula LC
Barrow's goldeneye, Bucephala islandica LC
Smew, Mergellus albellus LC
Hooded merganser, Lophodytes cucullatus LC
Common merganser, Mergus merganser LC
Red-breasted merganser, Mergus serrator LC
Masked duck, Nomonyx dominicus LC
Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis LC
Curassows and guans
Order: Galliformes Family: Cracidae
The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
Plain chachalaca, Ortalis vetula LC
Partridges, grouse, turkeys and Old World quail
Order: Galliformes Family: Phasianidae
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
Gray francolin, Francolinus pondicerianus (I) LC
Black francolin, Francolinus francolinus (I) LC
Erckel's francolin, Pternistis erckelii (I) LC
Chukar, Alectoris chukar (I) LC
Himalayan snowcock, Tetraogallus himalayensis (I) LC
Gray partridge, Perdix perdix (I) LC
Red junglefowl, Gallus gallus (I) LC
Ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus (I) LC
Kalij pheasant, Lophura leucomelanos (I) LC
Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica (I) NT
Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus LC
Greater sage-grouse, Centrocercus urophasianus NT
Gunnison sage-grouse, Centrocercus minimus EN
Willow ptarmigan, Lagopus lagopus LC
Rock ptarmigan, Lagopus muta LC
White-tailed ptarmigan, Lagopus leucura LC
Spruce grouse, Falcipennis canadensis LC
Dusky grouse, Dendragapus obscurus LC
Sooty grouse, Dendragapus fuliginosus LC
Sharp-tailed grouse, Tympanuchus phasianellus LC
Columbian sharp-tailed grouse, T. phasianellus columbianus
Greater prairie chicken, Tympanuchus cupido VU (Attwater's prairie chicken T. c. attwateri: E)
Lesser prairie chicken, Tympanuchus pallidicinctus VU
Wild turkey, Meleagris gallopavo LC
Order: Galliformes Family: Odontophoridae
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
Mountain quail, Oreortyx pictus LC
Scaled quail, Callipepla squamata LC
California quail, Callipepla californica LC
Gambel's quail, Callipepla gambelii LC
Northern bobwhite, Colinus virginianus NT (Masked bobwhite C. v. ridgwayi : E)
Montezuma quail, Cyrtonyx montezumae LC (Merriam's Montezuma quail C. m. merriami: E)
Order: Gaviiformes Family: Gaviidae
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
Red-throated loon, Gavia stellata LC
Arctic loon, Gavia arctica LC
Pacific loon, Gavia pacifica LC
Common loon, Gavia immer LC
Yellow-billed loon, Gavia adamsii NT
Order: Podicipediformes Family: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
Least grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus LC
Pied-billed grebe, Podilymbus podiceps LC
Horned grebe, Podiceps auritus LC
Red-necked grebe, Podiceps grisegena LC
Eared grebe, Podiceps nigricollis LC
Western grebe, Aechmophorus occidentalis LC
Clark's grebe, Aechmophorus clarkii LC
Order: Phoenicopteriformes Family: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
American flamingo, Phoenicopterus ruber LC
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
Yellow-nosed albatross, Thalassarche chlororhynchos (C) EN
Salvin's albatross, Thalassarche salvini (A) VU
Black-browed albatross, Thalassarche melanophris (A) NT
Light-mantled albatross, Phoebetria palpebrata (A) NT
Wandering albatross, Diomedea exulans (A) VU
Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis NT
Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes NT
Short-tailed albatross, Phoebastria albatrus VU E
Shearwaters and petrels
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
Northern fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis LC
Great-winged petrel, Pterodroma macroptera (A) LC
Herald petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana VU
Murphy's petrel, Pterodroma ultima NT
Mottled petrel, Pterodroma inexpectata NT
Hawaiian petrel, Pterdroma sandwichensis VU E
Bermuda petrel, Pterodroma cahow EN E
Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata EN
Galápagos petrel Pterodroma phaeopygia CR
Zino's petrel Pterodroma madeira EN
Fea's petrel Pterodroma feae NT
Cook's petrel, Pterodroma cookii VU
Stejneger's petrel, Pterodroma longirostris (C) VU
Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri (A) VU
Bulwer's petrel, Bulweria bulwerii (A) LC
White-chinned petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis (A) VU
Black petrel, Procellaria parkinsoni (A) VU
Streaked shearwater, Calonectris leucomelas (C) LC
Cory's shearwater, Calonectris diomedea LC
Cape Verde shearwater, Calonectris edwardsii (A) NT
Pink-footed shearwater, Ardenna creatopus VU
Flesh-footed shearwater, Ardenna carneipes LC
Great shearwater, Ardenna gravis LC
Wedge-tailed shearwater, Ardenna pacificus (C) LC
Buller's shearwater, Ardenna bulleri VU
Sooty shearwater, Ardenna griseus NT
Short-tailed shearwater, Ardenna tenuirostris LC
Christmas shearwater, Puffinus nativitatis LC
Manx shearwater, Puffinus puffinus LC
Townsend's shearwater, Puffinus auricularis (A) CR
Newell's shearwater, Puffinus newelli EN T
Black-vented shearwater, Puffinus opisthomelas NT
Audubon's shearwater, Puffinus lherminieri LC
Barolo shearwater, Puffinus baroli (A) (P. assimilis: LC)
Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae
The storm petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
Wilson's storm petrel, Oceanites oceanicus LC
White-faced storm petrel, Pelagodroma marina LC
Black-bellied storm petrel, Fregetta tropica (A) LC
Fork-tailed storm petrel, Oceanodroma furcata LC
Hornby's storm petrel, Oceanodroma hornbyi (A) DD
Leach's storm petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa LC
Townsend's storm petrel, Oceanodroma socorroensis
Ashy storm petrel, Oceanodroma homochroa EN
Band-rumped storm petrel, Oceanodroma castro LC
Wedge-rumped storm petrel, Oceanodroma tethys (C) LC
Black storm petrel, Oceanodroma melania LC
Least storm petrel, Oceanodroma microsoma LC
Tristram's storm petrel, Oceanodroma tristrami (A) NT
Order: Phaethontiformes Family: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
White-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon lepturus LC
Red-billed tropicbird, Phaethon aethereus LC
Red-tailed tropicbird, Phaethon rubricauda (C) LC
Boobies and gannets
Order: Suliformes Family: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
Masked booby, Sula dactylatra LC
Blue-footed booby, Sula nebouxii (C) LC
Brown booby, Sula leucogaster LC
Red-footed booby, Sula sula (C) LC
Northern gannet, Morus bassanus LC
Order: Suliformes Family: Phalacrocoracidae
Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed, a distinguishing feature among the Pelecaniformes order
Brandt's cormorant, Phalacrocorax penicillatus LC
Neotropic cormorant, Phalacrocorax brasilianus LC
Double-crested cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus LC
Great cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo LC
Red-faced cormorant, Phalacrocorax urile LC
Pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax pelagicus LC
Order: Suliformes Family: Anhingidae
Darters are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above water.
Anhinga, Anhinga anhinga LC
Order: Suliformes Family: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black-and-white birds, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Magnificent frigatebird, Fregata magnificens LC
Great frigatebird, Fregata minor (A) LC
Lesser frigatebird, Fregata ariel (A) LC
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos LC
Brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis LC
Bitterns, herons and egrets
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
American bittern, Botaurus lentiginosus LC
Yellow bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis (A) LC
Least bittern, Ixobrychus exilis LC
Bare-throated tiger heron, Tigrisoma mexicanum (A) LC
Great blue heron, Ardea herodias LC
Gray heron, Ardea cinerea (A) LC
Great egret, Ardea alba LC
Intermediate egret, Mesophoyx intermedia (A) LC
Chinese egret, egretta eulophotes (A) VU
Little egret, egretta garzetta (C) LC
Western reef heron, egretta gularis (A) LC
Snowy egret, egretta thula LC
Little blue heron, egretta caerulea LC
Tricolored heron, egretta tricolor LC
Reddish egret, egretta rufescens NT
Cattle egret, Bubulcus ibis LC
Chinese pond heron, Ardeola bacchus (A) LC
Green heron, Butorides virescens LC
Black-crowned night heron, Nycticorax nycticorax LC
Yellow-crowned night heron, Nyctanassa violacea LC
Ibises and spoonbills
Order: Pelecaniformes Family: Threskiornithidae
Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.
American white ibis, Eudocimus albus LC
Scarlet ibis, Eudocimus ruber (A) LC
Glossy ibis, Plegadis falcinellus LC
White-faced ibis, Plegadis chihi LC
Roseate spoonbill, Platalea ajaja LC
Order: Ciconiiformes Family: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and, as a result, are mute.
Jabiru, Jabiru mycteria (C) LC
Wood stork, Mycteria americana LC E
Order: Cathartiformes Family: Cathartidae
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.
Black vulture, Coragyps atratus LC
Turkey vulture, Cathartes aura LC
California condor, Gymnogyps californianus (Ex) CR E (and XN)
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Pandionidae
Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.
Osprey, Pandion haliaetus LC
Eagles, kites and allies
Order: Accipitriformes Family: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Hook-billed kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus LC (C. u. mirus and Cuban kite C. (u.) wilsonii: E)
Swallow-tailed kite, Elanoides forficatus LC
White-tailed kite, Elanus leucurus LC
Snail kite, Rostrhamus sociabilis LC (ssp. plumbeus: E)
Mississippi kite, Ictinia mississippiensis LC
Double-toothed kite, Harpagus bidentatus (A) LC
Bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus LC
White-tailed eagle, Haliaeetus albicilla (C) LC (ssp. groenlandicus: E)
Steller's sea eagle, Haliaeetus pelagicus (C) VU
Northern harrier, Circus cyaneus LC
Sharp-shinned hawk, Accipiter striatus LC (Accipiter striatus venator A. s. venator: E)
Cooper's hawk, Accipiter cooperii LC
Northern goshawk, Accipiter gentilis LC
Crane hawk, Geranospiza caerulescens (A) LC
Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus LC
Harris's hawk, Parabuteo unicinctus LC
Gray hawk, Buteo plagiatus LC)
Roadside hawk, Buteo magnirostris (C) LC
Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus LC
Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus LC (ssp. brunnescens: E)
Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus LC
Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni LC
White-tailed hawk, Buteo albicaudatus LC
Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus LC
Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis LC
Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis LC
Rough-legged hawk, Buteo lagopus LC
Golden eagle, Aquila chrysaetos LC
Caracaras and falcons
Order: Falconiformes Family: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Collared forest falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus (A) LC
Northern caracara, Caracara cheriway LC
Eurasian kestrel, Falco tinnunculus (C) LC
American kestrel, Falco sparverius LC
Merlin, Falco columbarius LC
Eurasian hobby, Falco subbuteo (C) LC
Red-footed falcon, Falco vespertinus (A) NT
Aplomado falcon, Falco femoralis LC (ssp. septentrionalis: E and XN)
Gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus LC
Peregrine falcon, Falco peregrinus LC (ssp. peregrinus: E)
Prairie falcon, Falco mexicanus LC
Rails, gallinules and coots
Order: Gruiformes Family: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically, family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps and rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak flyers.
Yellow rail, Coturnicops noveboracensis LC
Black rail, Laterallus jamaicensis NT
Corn crake, Crex crex (C) LC
Clapper rail, Rallus crepitans LC
Ridgway's rail, Rallus obsoletus( R. o. obsoletus, R. o. yumanensis and R. o. levipes: E)
King rail, Rallus elegans LC
Virginia rail, Rallus limicola LC
Sora, Porzana carolina LC
Paint-billed crake, Neocrex erythrops (A) LC
Spotted rail, Pardirallus maculatus (A) LC
Rufous-necked wood rail, Aramides axillaris (A) LC
Purple gallinule, Porphyrio martinicus LC
Common gallinule, Gallinula galeata (G. chloropus: )
Eurasian coot, Fulica atra (A) LC
American coot, Fulica americana LC (ssp. alai: E)
Order: Gruiformes Family: Heliornithidae
Sungrebe, Heliornis fulica (A) LC
Order: Gruiformes Family: Aramidae
The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America and southern Florida.
Limpkin, Aramus guarauna LC
Order: Gruiformes Family: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking, but unrelated, herons, cranes fly with their necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays.
Sandhill crane, Grus canadensis LC (ssp. nesiotes and pulla: E)
Common crane, Grus grus (C) LC
Whooping crane, Grus americana EN E (and XN)
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
Double-striped thick-knee, Burhinus bistriatus (A) LC
Lapwings and plovers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (C) LC
Gray plover, Pluvialis squatarola LC
European golden plover, Pluvialis apricaria (C) LC
American golden plover, Pluvialis dominica LC
Pacific golden plover, Pluvialis fulva LC
Lesser sand plover, Charadrius mongolus (C) LC
Greater sand plover, Charadrius leschenaultii (A) LC
Collared plover, Charadrius collaris (A) LC
Snowy plover, Charadrius nivosus (Ch. alexandrinus: LC)
Wilson's plover, Charadrius wilsonia LC
Common ringed plover, Charadrius hiaticula LC
Semipalmated plover, Charadrius semipalmatus LC
Piping plover, Charadrius melodus NT T or E
Little ringed plover, Charadrius dubius (A) LC
Killdeer, Charadrius vociferus LC
Mountain plover, Charadrius montanus NT
Eurasian dotterel, Charadrius morinellus (C) LC
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prying open molluscs.
Eurasian oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus (A) LC
American oystercatcher, Haematopus palliatus LC
Black oystercatcher, Haematopus bachmani LC
Stilts and avocets
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Black-winged stilt, Himantopus himantopus (A) LC
Black-necked stilt, Himantopus mexicanus LC (Hawaiian stilt H. m. knudseni: E)
American avocet, Recurvirostra americana LC
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Jacanidae
The jacanas are a group of tropical waders in the family Jacanidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
Northern jacana, Jacana spinosa (C) LC
Sandpipers and allies
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large, diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpiper, curlew, godwit, shank, tattler, woodcock, snipe, dowitcher and phalarope. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without directly competing for food.
Common greenshank, Tringa nebularia LC
Greater yellowlegs, Tringa melanoleuca LC
Lesser yellowlegs, Tringa flavipes LC
Marsh sandpiper, Tringa stagnatilis (A) LC
Common redshank, Tringa totanus (A) LC
Spotted redshank, Tringa erythropus (C) LC
Wood sandpiper, Tringa glareola LC
Green sandpiper, Tringa ochropus (C) LC
Solitary sandpiper, Tringa solitaria LC
Willet, Tringa semipalmata LC
Wandering tattler, Tringa incana LC
Gray-tailed tattler, Tringa brevipes LC
Common sandpiper, Actitis hypoleucos LC
Spotted sandpiper, Actitis macularius LC
Terek sandpiper, Xenus cinereus LC
Upland sandpiper, Bartramia longicauda LC
Little curlew, Numenius minutus (A) LC
Eskimo curlew, Numenius borealis (E?) CR E
Whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus LC
Bristle-thighed curlew, Numenius tahitiensis VU
Far Eastern curlew, Numenius madagascariensis (C) VU
Slender-billed curlew, Numenius tenuirostris (E?) CR E
Eurasian curlew, Numenius arquata (C) NT
Long-billed curlew, Numenius americanus LC
Black-tailed godwit, Limosa limosa NT
Hudsonian godwit, Limosa haemastica LC
Bar-tailed godwit, Limosa lapponica LC
Marbled godwit, Limosa fedoa LC
Ruddy turnstone, Arenaria interpres LC
Black turnstone, Arenaria melanocephala LC
Great knot, Calidris tenuirostris (C) VU
Red knot, Calidris canutus LC
Sanderling, Calidris alba LC
Semipalmated sandpiper, Calidris pusilla NT
Western sandpiper, Calidris mauri LC
Red-necked stint, Calidris ruficollis LC
Little stint, Calidris minuta (A) LC
Temminck's stint, Calidris temminckii LC
Long-toed stint, Calidris subminuta LC
Least sandpiper, Calidris minutilla LC
White-rumped sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis LC
Baird's sandpiper, Calidris bairdii LC
Pectoral sandpiper, Calidris melanotos LC
Sharp-tailed sandpiper, Calidris acuminata LC
Purple sandpiper, Calidris maritima LC
Rock sandpiper, Calidris ptilocnemis LC
Dunlin, Calidris alpina LC
Curlew sandpiper, Calidris ferruginea LC
Stilt sandpiper, Calidris himantopus LC
Buff-breasted sandpiper, Calidris subruficollis NT
Surfbird, Aphriza virgata LC
Spoon-billed sandpiper, Eurynorhynchus pygmeus (C) CR
Broad-billed sandpiper, Limicola falcinellus (C) LC
Ruff, Philomachus pugnax LC
Short-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus griseus LC
Long-billed dowitcher, Limnodromus scolopaceus LC
Jack snipe, Lymnocryptes minimus (C) LC
Solitary snipe, Gallinago solitaria (A) LC
Wilson's snipe, Gallinago delicata (G. gallinago: LC)
Common snipe, Gallinago gallinago LC
Pin-tailed snipe, Gallinago stenura (A) LC
Eurasian woodcock, Scolopax rusticola (A) LC
American woodcock, Scolopax minor LC
Wilson's phalarope, Phalaropus tricolor LC
Red-necked phalarope, Phalaropus lobatus LC
Red phalarope, Phalaropus fulicarius LC
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Glareolidae
Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.
Oriental pratincole, Glareola maldivarum (A) LC
Gulls, terns and skimmers
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. They are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet.
Swallow-tailed gull, Creagrus furcatus (A) LC
Black-legged kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla LC
Red-legged kittiwake, Rissa brevirostris VU
Ivory gull, Pagophila eburnea NT
Sabine's gull, Xema sabini LC
Bonaparte's gull, Chroicocephalus philadelphia LC
Gray-hooded gull, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (A) LC
Black-headed gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus LC
Little gull, Hydrocoloeus minutus LC
Ross's gull, Rhodostethia rosea LC
Laughing gull, Leucophaeus atricilla LC
Franklin's gull, Leucophaeus pipixcan LC
Belcher's gull, Larus belcheri (A) LC
Black-tailed gull, Larus crassirostris (C) LC
Heermann's gull, Larus heermanni NT
Mew gull, Larus canus LC
Ring-billed gull, Larus delawarensis LC
Western gull, Larus occidentalis LC
Yellow-footed gull, Larus livens LC
California gull, Larus californicus LC
Herring gull, Larus (argentatus) smithsonianus (L. argentatus: )
Yellow-legged gull, Larus cachinnans (C) LC
Thayer's gull, Larus thayeri LC
Iceland gull, Larus glaucoides (without L. thayeri: LC)
Lesser black-backed gull, Larus fuscus LC
Slaty-backed gull, Larus schistisagus LC
Glaucous-winged gull, Larus glaucescens LC
Glaucous gull, Larus hyperboreus LC
Great black-backed gull, Larus marinus LC
Kelp gull, Larus dominicanus (C) LC
Gull-billed tern, Gelochelidon nilotica LC
Caspian tern, Hydroprogne caspia LC
Royal tern, Thalasseus maximus LC
Elegant tern, Thalasseus elegans NT
Sandwich tern, Sterna sandvicensis LC
Roseate tern, Sterna dougallii LC (ssp. dougallii: E or T)
Common tern, Sterna hirundo LC
Arctic tern, Sterna paradisaea LC
Forster's tern, Sterna forsteri LC
Least tern, Sternula antillarum LC E (California least tern S. a. browni: E)
Aleutian tern, Onychoprion aleuticus LC
Bridled tern, Onychoprion anaethetus LC
Sooty tern, Onychoprion fuscatus LC
Large-billed tern, Phaetusa simplex (A) LC
White-winged tern, Chlidonias leucopterus (C) LC
Whiskered tern, Chlidonias hybridus (A) LC
Black tern, Chlidonias niger LC
Brown noddy, Anous stolidus LC
Black noddy, Anous minutus LC
Black skimmer, Rynchops niger LC
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Stercorariidae
Skuas are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
Great skua, Stercorarius skua LC
South polar skua, Stercorarius maccormicki LC
Pomarine jaeger, Stercorarius pomarinus LC
Parasitic jaeger, Stercorarius parasiticus LC
Long-tailed jaeger, Stercorarius longicaudus LC
Auks, murres and puffins
Order: Charadriiformes Family: Alcidae
Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
Dovekie, Alle alle LC
Common murre, Uria aalge LC
Thick-billed murre, Uria lomvia LC
Razorbill, Alca torda LC
Great auk, Pinguinus impennis (E) EX
Black guillemot, Cepphus grylle LC
Pigeon guillemot, Cepphus columba LC
Long-billed murrelet, Brachyramphus perdix NT
Marbled murrelet, Brachyramphus marmoratus EN T
Kittlitz's murrelet, Brachyramphus brevirostris CR
Scripps's murrelet, Synthliboramphus scrippsi (S. hypoleucus: VU)
Guadalupe murrelet, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus VU
Craveri's murrelet, Synthliboramphus craveri VU
Ancient murrelet, Synthliboramphus antiquus LC
Cassin's auklet, Ptychoramphus aleuticus LC
Parakeet auklet, Aethia psittacula LC
Least auklet, Aethia pusilla LC
Whiskered auklet, Aethia pygmaea LC
Crested auklet, Aethia cristatella LC
Rhinoceros auklet, Cerorhinca monocerata LC
Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica LC
Horned puffin, Fratercula corniculata LC
Tufted puffin, Fratercula cirrhata LC
Pigeons and doves
Order: Columbiformes Family: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Rock dove, Columba livia (I) LC
Scaly-naped pigeon, Patagioenas squamosa (A) LC
White-crowned pigeon, Patagioenas leucocephala NT
Red-billed pigeon, Patagioenas flavirostris LC
Band-tailed pigeon, Patagioenas fasciata LC
Oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis (C) LC
European turtle dove, Streptopelia turtur (A) LC
Eurasian collared dove, Streptopelia decaocto (I) LC
Spotted dove, Spilopelia chinensis (I) LC
White-winged dove, Zenaida asiatica LC
Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita (A) LC
Mourning dove, Zenaida macroura LC
Passenger pigeon, Ectopistes migratorius (E) EX
Inca dove, Columbina inca LC
Common ground dove, Columbina passerina LC
Ruddy ground dove, Columbina talpacoti LC
White-tipped dove, Leptotila verreauxi LC
Key West quail-dove, Geotrygon chrysia (C) LC
Ruddy quail-dove, Geotrygon montana (A) LC
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittaculidae
Budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus (I) LC
Rosy-faced lovebird Agapornis roseicollis (I) LC
African and New World parrots
Order: Psittaciformes Family: Psittacidae
Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus (I) LC
Carolina parakeet, Conuropsis carolinensis (E) EX
Green parakeet, Psittacara holochlorus LC
Thick-billed parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha (Ex) EN E
White-winged parakeet, Brotogeris versicolurus (I) LC
Red-crowned parrot, Amazona viridigenalis EN
Black-hooded parakeet Aratinga nenday (I) LC
Cuckoos, roadrunners and anis
Order: Cuculiformes Family: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
Common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus LC
Oriental cuckoo, Cuculus optatus (C) LC
Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus LC
Yellow-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus americanus LC
Mangrove cuckoo, Coccyzus minor LC
Greater roadrunner, Geococcyx californianus LC
Smooth-billed ani, Crotophaga ani LC
Groove-billed ani, Crotophaga sulcirostris LC
Order: Strigiformes Family: Tytonidae
Barn owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long, strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn owl, Tyto alba LC
Order: Strigiformes Family: Strigidae
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Flammulated owl, Psiloscops flammeolus LC
Oriental scops-owl, Otus sunia (A) LC
Western screech owl, Megascops kennicottii LC
Eastern screech owl, Megascops asio LC
Whiskered screech owl, Megascops trichopsis LC
Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus LC
Snowy owl, Bubo scandiacus LC
Northern hawk-owl, Surnia ulula LC
Mountain pygmy owl, Glaucidium gnoma LC
Ferruginous pygmy owl, Glaucidium brasilianum LC
Elf owl, Micrathene whitneyi LC
Burrowing owl, Athene cunicularia LC
Mottled owl, Ciccaba virgata (A) LC
Spotted owl, Strix occidentalis NT (Mexican spotted owl S. o. lucida and Northern spotted owl S. o. caurina: T)
Barred owl, Strix varia LC
Great gray owl, Strix nebulosa LC
Long-eared owl, Asio otus LC
Stygian owl, Asio stygius (A) LC
Short-eared owl, Asio flammeus LC
Boreal owl, Aegolius funereus LC
Northern saw-whet owl, Aegolius acadicus LC
Brown hawk-owl, Ninox scutulata (A) LC
Order: Caprimulgiformes Family: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically colored to resemble bark or leaves.
Lesser nighthawk, Chordeiles acutipennis LC
Common nighthawk, Chordeiles minor LC
Antillean nighthawk, Chordeiles gundlachii LC
Common pauraque, Nyctidromus albicollis LC
Common poorwill, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii LC
Chuck-will's-widow, Antrostomus carolinensis LC
Buff-collared nightjar, Antrostomus ridgwayi LC
Eastern whip-poor-will, Antrostomus vociferus LC
Mexican whip-poor-will, Antrostomus arizonae LC
Gray nightjar, Caprimulgus jotaka (A) LC
Order: Apodiformes Family: Apodidae
The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
Black swift, Cypseloides niger LC
White-collared swift, Streptoprocne zonaris (A) LC
Chimney swift, Chaetura pelagica NT
Vaux's swift, Chaetura vauxi LC
White-throated needletail Hirundapus caudacutus (A) LC
Common swift, Apus apus (A) LC
Pacific swift, Apus pacificus (C) LC
White-throated swift, Aeronautes saxatalis LC
Antillean palm-swift, Tachornis phoenicobia (A) LC
Order: Apodiformes Family: Trochilidae
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Mexican violetear, Colibri thalassinus LC
Green-breasted mango, Anthracothorax prevostii (C) LC
Broad-billed hummingbird, Cynanthus latirostris LC
White-eared hummingbird, Hylocharis leucotis LC
Xantus's hummingbird, Hylocharis xantusii (A) LC
Berylline hummingbird, Amazilia beryllina LC
Buff-bellied hummingbird, Amazilia yucatanensis LC
Cinnamon hummingbird, Amazilia rutila (A) LC
Violet-crowned hummingbird, Amazilia violiceps LC
Blue-throated hummingbird, Lampornis clemenciae LC
Magnificent hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens LC
Plain-capped starthroat, Heliomaster constantii (C) LC
Bahama woodstar, Calliphlox evelynae (A) LC
Lucifer hummingbird, Calothorax lucifer LC
Ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris LC
Black-chinned hummingbird, Archilochus alexandri LC
Anna's hummingbird, Calypte anna LC
Costa's hummingbird, Calypte costae LC
Bumblebee hummingbird, Atthis heloisa (A) LC
Calliope hummingbird, Selasphorus calliope LC
Broad-tailed hummingbird, Selasphorus platycercus LC
Rufous hummingbird, Selasphorus rufus LC
Allen's hummingbird, Selasphorus sasin LC
Order: Trogoniformes Family: Trogonidae
Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks.
Elegant trogon, Trogon elegans LC
Eared quetzal, Euptilotis neoxenus (C) NT
Order: Upupiformes Family: Upupidae
This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. It is the only member of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.
Eurasian hoopoe, Upupa epops (A) LC
Order: Coraciiformes Family: Cerylidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Ringed kingfisher, Megaceryle torquata LC
Belted kingfisher, Megaceryle alcyon LC
Amazon kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona (A) LC
Green kingfisher, Chloroceryle americana LC
Woodpeckers, sapsuckers and flickers
Order: Piciformes Family: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Eurasian wryneck, Jynx torquilla (A) LC
Lewis's woodpecker, Melanerpes lewis LC
Red-headed woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus NT
Acorn woodpecker, Melanerpes formicivorus LC
Gila woodpecker, Melanerpes uropygialis LC
Golden-fronted woodpecker, Melanerpes aurifrons LC
Red-bellied woodpecker, Melanerpes carolinus LC
Williamson's sapsucker, Sphyrapicus thyroideus LC
Yellow-bellied sapsucker, Sphyrapicus varius LC
Red-naped sapsucker, Sphyrapicus nuchalis LC
Red-breasted sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber LC
Great spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopos major (C) LC
Ladder-backed woodpecker, Picoides scalaris LC
Nuttall's woodpecker, Picoides nuttallii LC
Downy woodpecker, Picoides pubescens LC
Hairy woodpecker, Picoides villosus LC
Arizona woodpecker, Picoides arizonae LC
Red-cockaded woodpecker, Picoides borealis NT E
White-headed woodpecker, Picoides albolarvatus LC
American three-toed woodpecker, Picoides dorsalis LC
Black-backed woodpecker, Picoides arcticus LC
Northern flicker, Colaptes auratus LC
Gilded flicker, Colaptes chrysoides LC
Pileated woodpecker, Dryocopus pileatus LC
Ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis (E) CR E
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thamnophilidae
Antbirds are a family of Passerines found from Argentina north to Mexico. There are a great variety of antbirds, with antbirds, antwrens and antshrikes. Antshrikes are small, often handsomely marked birds. There is only one species of antbird recorded in the United States; an audio recording of a barred antshrike from Harlingen, Texas, in September, 2006.
Barred antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus (A) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Northern beardless-tyrannulet, Camptostoma imberbe LC
Greenish elaenia, Myiopagis viridicata (A) LC
White-crested elaenia, Elaenia albiceps (A) LC
Tufted flycatcher, Mitrephanes phaeocercus (A) LC
Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus cooperi NT
Greater pewee, Contopus pertinax LC
Western wood-pewee, Contopus sordidulus LC
Eastern wood-pewee, Contopus virens LC
Cuban pewee, Contopus caribaeus (A) LC
Yellow-bellied flycatcher, Empidonax flaviventris LC
Acadian flycatcher, Empidonax virescens LC
Alder flycatcher, Empidonax alnorum LC
Willow flycatcher, Empidonax traillii LC (ssp. extimus: E)
Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus LC
Hammond's flycatcher, Empidonax hammondii LC
Gray flycatcher, Empidonax wrightii LC
Dusky flycatcher, Empidonax oberholseri LC
Pacific-slope flycatcher, Empidonax difficilis LC
Cordilleran flycatcher, Empidonax occidentalis LC
Buff-breasted flycatcher, Empidonax fulvifrons LC
Black phoebe, Sayornis nigricans LC
Eastern phoebe, Sayornis phoebe LC
Say's phoebe, Sayornis saya LC
Vermilion flycatcher, Pyrocephalus rubinus LC
Dusky-capped flycatcher, Myiarchus tuberculifer LC
Ash-throated flycatcher, Myiarchus cinerascens LC
Nutting's flycatcher, Myiarchus nuttingi (A) LC
Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus LC
Brown-crested flycatcher, Myiarchus tyrannulus LC
La Sagra's flycatcher, Myiarchus sagrae LC
Great kiskadee, Pitangus sulphuratus LC
Social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis (A) LC
Sulphur-bellied flycatcher, Myiodynastes luteiventris LC
Piratic flycatcher, Legatus leucophaius (C) LC
Variegated flycatcher, Empidonomus varius (A) LC
Crowned slaty flycatcher, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus (A) LC
Tropical kingbird, Tyrannus melancholicus LC
Couch's kingbird, Tyrannus couchii LC
Cassin's kingbird, Tyrannus vociferans LC
Thick-billed kingbird, Tyrannus crassirostris LC
Western kingbird, Tyrannus verticalis LC
Eastern kingbird, Tyrannus tyrannus LC
Gray kingbird, Tyrannus dominicensis LC
Loggerhead kingbird, Tyrannus caudifasciatus (A) LC
Scissor-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus forficatus LC
Fork-tailed flycatcher, Tyrannus savana LC
Tityras and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Tityridae
Tityridae is family of suboscine passerine birds found in forests and woodlands in the Neotropics. The approximately 30 species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae and Cotingidae (see Taxonomy). As of yet, no widely accepted common name exists for the family, although "tityras and allies" and "tityras, mourners and allies" have been used. They are small to medium-sized birds.
Gray-collared becard, Pachyramphus major (A) LC
Rose-throated becard, Pachyramphus aglaiae LC
Masked tityra, Tityra semifasciata (A) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A typical shrike's beak is hooked.
Brown shrike, Lanius cristatus (C) LC
Loggerhead shrike, Lanius ludovicianus LC (ssp. mearnsi: E)
Northern shrike, Lanius excubitor LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers, apart from their heavier bills.
White-eyed vireo, Vireo griseus LC
Thick-billed vireo, Vireo crassirostris (C) LC
Bell's vireo, Vireo bellii NT (Least Bell's vireo V. b. pusillus: E)
Black-capped vireo, Vireo atricapilla VU E
Gray vireo, Vireo vicinior LC
Yellow-throated vireo, Vireo flavifrons LC
Plumbeous vireo, Vireo plumbeus LC
Cassin's vireo, Vireo cassinii LC
Blue-headed vireo, Vireo solitarius LC
Hutton's vireo, Vireo huttoni LC
Warbling vireo, Vireo gilvus LC
Philadelphia vireo, Vireo philadelphicus LC
Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus LC
Yellow-green vireo, Vireo flavoviridis LC
Black-whiskered vireo, Vireo altiloquus LC
Yucatan vireo, Vireo magister (A) LC
Jays, crows, magpies and ravens
Order: Passeriformes Family: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
Gray jay, Perisoreus canadensis LC
Steller's jay, Cyanocitta stelleri LC
Blue jay, Cyanocitta cristata LC
Green jay, Cyanocorax yncas LC
Brown jay, Psilorhinus morio LC
Florida scrub jay, Aphelocoma coerulescens VU T
Woodhouse's scrub jay, Aphelocoma woodhouseii
California scrub jay, Aphelocoma californica
Island scrub jay, Aphelocoma insularis VU
Mexican jay, Aphelocoma wollweberi LC
Pinyon jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus VU
Clark's nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana LC
Black-billed magpie, Pica hudsonia (P. pica: LC)
Yellow-billed magpie, Pica nuttalli LC
Eurasian jackdaw, Corvus monedula (C) LC
American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos LC
Northwestern crow, Corvus caurinus LC
Tamaulipas crow, Corvus imparatus LC
Fish crow, Corvus ossifragus LC
Chihuahuan raven, Corvus cryptoleucus LC
Common raven, Corvus corax LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. They feed on insects and seeds.
Sky lark, Alauda arvensis LC (regular migrant-AK) (A-CA) (Ex-NY) (I-BC & WA)
Horned lark, Eremophila alpestris LC (E. a. strigata T)
Swallows and martins
Order: Passeriformes Family: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
Purple martin, Progne subis LC
Cuban martin, Progne cryptoleuca (A) LC
Gray-breasted martin, Progne chalybea (A) LC
Southern martin, Progne elegans (A) LC
Brown-chested martin, Progne tapera (A) LC
Tree swallow, Tachycineta bicolor LC
Mangrove swallow, Tachycineta albilinea (A) LC
Violet-green swallow, Tachycineta thalassina LC
Bahama swallow, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis (C) EN
Northern rough-winged swallow, Stelgidopteryx serripennis LC
Bank swallow, Riparia riparia LC
Cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota LC
Cave swallow, Petrochelidon fulva LC
Barn swallow, Hirundo rustica LC
Common house martin, Delichon urbicum (C) LC
Chickadees and titmice
Order: Passeriformes Family: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
Carolina chickadee, Poecile carolinensis LC
Black-capped chickadee, Poecile atricapillus LC
Mountain chickadee, Poecile gambeli LC
Mexican chickadee, Poecile sclateri LC
Chestnut-backed chickadee, Poecile rufescens LC
Boreal chickadee, Poecile hudsonicus LC
Gray-headed chickadee, Poecile cinctus LC
Bridled titmouse, Baeolophus wollweberi LC
Oak titmouse, Baeolophus inornatus LC
Juniper titmouse, Baeolophus ridgwayi LC
Tufted titmouse, Baeolophus bicolor LC
Black-crested titmouse, Baeolophus atricristatus LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Remizidae
The penduline tits are a family of small passerine birds, related to the true tits. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family.
Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Aegithalidae
The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily Palearctic family.
Bushtit, Psaltriparus minimus LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds, which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have large heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
Red-breasted nuthatch, Sitta canadensis LC
White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis LC
Pygmy nuthatch, Sitta pygmaea LC
Brown-headed nuthatch, Sitta pusilla LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin, down-pointed, curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves vertically on trees.
Brown creeper, Certhia americana LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Troglodytidae
Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Cactus wren, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus LC
Rock wren, Salpinctes obsoletus LC
Canyon wren, Catherpes mexicanus LC
Sinaloa wren Thryophilus sinaloa (A) LC
Carolina wren, Thryothorus ludovicianus LC
Bewick's wren, Thryomanes bewickii LC
House wren, Troglodytes aedon LC (Guadeloupe wren T. a. guadeloupensis and Saint Lucia wren T. a. mesoleucus: E)
Winter wren, Troglodytes hiemalis LC
Pacific wren, Troglodytes pacificus (T. troglodytes: LC)
Sedge wren, Cistothorus platensis LC
Marsh wren, Cistothorus palustris LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Polioptilidae
These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their structure and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long, sharp bill. Many species have distinctive black head patterns (especially males) and long, regularly cocked, black-and-white tails.
Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea LC
California gnatcatcher, Polioptila californica LC (ssp. californica: T)
Black-tailed gnatcatcher, Polioptila melanura LC
Black-capped gnatcatcher, Polioptila nigriceps LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Cinclidae
Dippers are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater.
American dipper, Cinclus mexicanus LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Pycnonotidae
The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. They are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful, striking songs.
Red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus (I) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Regulidae
The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small, insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.
Golden-crowned kinglet, Regulus satrapa LC
Ruby-crowned kinglet, Regulus calendula LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Phylloscopidae
Willow warbler, Phylloscopus trochilus (A) LC
Wood warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix (A) LC
Dusky warbler, Phylloscopus fuscatus (A) LC
Yellow-browed warbler, Phylloscopus inornatus (A) LC
Pallas's warbler, Phylloscopus proregulus (A) LC
Arctic warbler, Phylloscopus borealis LC
Kamchatka leaf warbler, Phylloscopus examinandus (A)
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small, insectivorous, passerine birds. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
Lesser whitethroat, Sylvia curruca (A) LC
Wrentit, Chamaea fasciata LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Acrocephalidae
Sedge warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (A) LC
Blyth's reed warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum (A) LC
Grassbirds and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: Megaluridae
Middendorff's grasshopper-warbler, Locustella ochotensis (C) LC
Lanceolated warbler, Locustella lanceolata (A) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Muscicapidae
This a large family of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. Species below only occur in North America as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
Narcissus flycatcher, Ficedula narcissina (A) LC
Mugimaki flycatcher, Ficedula mugimaki (A) LC
Taiga flycatcher, Ficedula albicilla (A) LC
Dark-sided flycatcher, Muscicapa sibirica (C) LC
Gray-streaked flycatcher, Muscicapa griseisticta (C) LC
Asian brown flycatcher, Muscicapa dauurica (A) LC
Spotted flycatcher, Muscicapa striata (A) LC
Rufous-tailed robin, Luscinia sibilans (A) LC
Siberian rubythroat, Luscinia calliope LC
Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica LC
Siberian blue robin, Luscinia cyane (A) LC
Red-flanked bluetail, Tarsiger cyanurus (C) LC
Northern wheatear, Oenanthe oenanthe LC
Siberian stonechat, Saxicola maurus (C) (S. torquatus: LC)
Common redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus (A) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
Eastern bluebird, Sialia sialis LC
Western bluebird, Sialia mexicana LC
Mountain bluebird, Sialia currucoides LC
Townsend's solitaire, Myadestes townsendi LC
Brown-backed solitaire, Myadestes occidentalis (A) LC
Orange-billed nightingale-thrush, Catharus aurantiirostris (A) LC
Black-headed nightingale-thrush, Catharus mexicanus (A) LC
Veery, Catharus fuscescens LC
Gray-cheeked thrush, Catharus minimus LC
Bicknell's thrush, Catharus bicknelli VU
Swainson's thrush, Catharus ustulatus LC
Hermit thrush, Catharus guttatus LC
Wood thrush, Hylocichla mustelina LC
Eurasian blackbird, Turdus merula (A) LC
Eyebrowed thrush, Turdus obscurus LC
Dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni (C) LC
Fieldfare, Turdus pilaris (C) LC
Redwing, Turdus iliacus (C) LC
Song thrush, Turdus philomelos (A) LC
Clay-colored thrush, Turdus grayi LC
White-throated thrush, Turdus assimilis (C) LC
Rufous-backed thrush, Turdus rufopalliatus LC
American robin, Turdus migratorius LC
Red-legged thrush, Turdus plumbeus (A) LC
Varied thrush, Ixoreus naevius LC
Aztec thrush, Ridgwayia pinicola (C) LC
Mockingbirds and thrashers
Order: Passeriformes Family: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis LC
Northern mockingbird, Mimus polyglottos LC
Bahama mockingbird, Mimus gundlachii (C) LC
Sage thrasher, Oreoscoptes montanus LC
Brown thrasher, Toxostoma rufum LC
Long-billed thrasher, Toxostoma longirostre LC
Bendire's thrasher, Toxostoma bendirei VU
Curve-billed thrasher, Toxostoma curvirostre LC
California thrasher, Toxostoma redivivum LC
Crissal thrasher, Toxostoma crissale LC
Le Conte's thrasher, Toxostoma lecontei LC
Blue mockingbird, Melanotis caerulescens (A) LC
Starlings and mynas
Order: Passeriformes Family: Sturnidae
Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
European starling, Sturnus vulgaris (I) LC
Common myna, Acridotheres tristis (I) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. The species below only appears in North America as a vagrant.
Siberian accentor, Prunella montanella (C) LC
Wagtails and pipits
Order: Passeriformes Family: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country. There are 54 species worldwide and 11 North American species.
Yellow wagtail, Motacilla flava LC (only Eastern yellow wagtail, Motacilla (flava) tschutschensis)
Citrine wagtail, Motacilla citreola (A) LC
Gray wagtail, Motacilla cinerea (C) LC
White wagtail, Motacilla alba LC
Tree pipit, Anthus trivialis (A) LC
Olive-backed pipit, Anthus hodgsoni LC
Pechora pipit, Anthus gustavi (C) LC
Red-throated pipit, Anthus cervinus LC
American pipit, Anthus rubescens LC
Sprague's pipit, Anthus spragueii VU
Order: Passeriformes Family: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in the summer and berries in winter.
Bohemian waxwing, Bombycilla garrulus LC
Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Ptiliogonatidae
The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings, and like that group have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow.
Gray silky-flycatcher, Ptiliogonys cinereus (A) LC
Phainopepla, Phainopepla nitens LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Peucedramidae
The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the Parulidae, but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family.
Olive warbler, Peucedramus taeniatus LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
McCown's longspur, Rhynchophanes mccownii LC
Lapland longspur, Calcarius lapponicus LC
Smith's longspur, Calcarius pictus LC
Chestnut-collared longspur, Calcarius ornatus NT
Snow bunting, Plectrophenax nivalis LC
McKay's bunting, Plectrophenax hyperboreus NT
Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae
The wood warblers are a group of small, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOU changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOU classification, changes to scientific names are updated here. Since many other taxonomic committees have yet to rule on these changes (including the South American Committee of the AOU) or have ruled in other ways, species pages remain with their original scientific names until more of a consensus is achieved.
Bachman's warbler, Vermivora bachmanii (E) CR E
Blue-winged warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera LC
Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera NT
Tennessee warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina LC
Orange-crowned warbler, Oreothlypis celata LC
Nashville warbler, Oreothlypis ruficapilla LC
Virginia's warbler, Oreothlypis virginiae LC
Colima warbler, Oreothlypis crissalis LC
Lucy's warbler, Oreothlypis luciae LC
Crescent-chested warbler, Oreothlypis superciliosa (C) LC
Hooded warbler, Setophaga citrina LC
Northern parula, Setophaga americana LC
Tropical parula, Setophaga pitiayumi LC
Yellow warbler, Setophaga petechia LC (ssp. petechia: E)
Chestnut-sided warbler, Setophaga pensylvanica LC
Magnolia warbler, Setophaga magnolia LC
Cape May warbler, Setophaga tigrina LC
Black-throated blue warbler, Setophaga caerulescens LC
Yellow-rumped warbler, Setophaga coronata LC
Black-throated gray warbler, Setophaga nigrescens LC
Golden-cheeked warbler, Setophaga chrysoparia EN E
Black-throated green warbler, Setophaga virens LC
Townsend's warbler, Setophaga townsendi LC
Hermit warbler, Setophaga occidentalis LC
Blackburnian warbler, Setophaga fusca LC
Yellow-throated warbler, Setophaga dominica LC
Grace's warbler, Setophaga graciae LC
Pine warbler, Setophaga pinus LC
Kirtland's warbler, Setophaga kirtlandii NT E
Prairie warbler, Setophaga discolor LC
Palm warbler, Setophaga palmarum LC
Bay-breasted warbler, Setophaga castanea LC
Blackpoll warbler, Setophaga striata LC
Cerulean warbler, Setophaga cerulea VU
American redstart, Setophaga ruticilla LC
Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia LC
Prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea LC
Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus LC
Swainson's warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii LC
Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapilla LC
Northern waterthrush, Parkesia noveboracensis LC
Louisiana waterthrush, Parkesia motacilla LC
Connecticut warbler, Oporornis agilis LC
Mourning warbler, Geothlypis philadelphia LC
MacGillivray's warbler, Geothlypis tolmiei LC
Kentucky warbler, Geothlypis formosa LC
Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas LC
Gray-crowned yellowthroat, Geothlypis poliocephala (C) LC
Wilson's warbler, Cardellina pusilla LC
Canada warbler, Cardellina canadensis LC
Red-faced warbler, Cardellina rubrifrons LC
Painted whitestart, Myioborus pictus LC
Slate-throated whitestart, Myioborus miniatus (C) LC
Fan-tailed warbler, Basileuterus lachrymosus (C) LC
Golden-crowned warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus (C) LC
Rufous-capped warbler, Basileuterus rufifrons LC
Yellow-breasted chat, Icteria virens LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Thraupidae
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.
Western spindalis, Spindalis zena LC
Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola (C) LC
American sparrows, towhees and juncos
Order: Passeriformes Family: Emberizidae
Emberizidae is a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. In Europe, most species are called buntings. In North America, most of the species in this family are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
White-collared seedeater, Sporophila torqueola LC
Yellow-faced grassquit, Tiaris olivaceus (C) LC
Black-faced grassquit, Tiaris bicolor (C) LC
Olive sparrow, Arremonops rufivirgatus LC
Green-tailed towhee, Pipilo chlorurus LC
Spotted towhee, Pipilo maculatus LC
Eastern towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus LC
Canyon towhee, Melozone fusca LC
California towhee, Melozone crissalis LC (ssp. eremophilus: T)
Abert's towhee, Melozone aberti LC
Rufous-winged sparrow, Peucaea carpalis LC
Cassin's sparrow, Peucaea cassinii LC
Bachman's sparrow, Peucaea aestivalis NT
Botteri's sparrow, Peucaea botterii LC
Rufous-crowned sparrow, Aimophila ruficeps LC
Five-striped sparrow, Amphispiza quinquestriata LC
American tree sparrow, Spizelloides arborea LC
Chipping sparrow, Spizella passerina LC
Clay-colored sparrow, Spizella pallida LC
Brewer's sparrow, Spizella breweri LC
Field sparrow, Spizella pusilla LC
Worthen's sparrow, Spizella wortheni (A) EN
Black-chinned sparrow, Spizella atrogularis LC
Vesper sparrow, Pooecetes gramineus LC
Lark sparrow, Chondestes grammacus LC
Black-throated sparrow, Amphispiza bilineata LC
Sagebrush sparrow, Artemisiospiza nevadensis (A. belli: LC)
Bell's sparrow, Artemisiospiza belli LC (ssp. clementeae: T)
Lark bunting, Calamospiza melanocorys LC
Savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis LC
Grasshopper sparrow, Ammodramus savannarum LC (ssp. floridanus: E)
Baird's sparrow, Ammodramus bairdii LC
Henslow's sparrow, Ammodramus henslowii NT
Le Conte's sparrow, Ammodramus leconteii LC
Nelson's sparrow, Ammodramus nelsoni LC
Saltmarsh sparrow, Ammodramus caudacutus VU
Seaside sparrow, Ammodramus maritimus LC (Cape Sable seaside sparrow A. m. mirabilis: E)
Fox sparrow, Passerella iliaca LC
Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia LC
Lincoln's sparrow, Melospiza lincolnii LC
Swamp sparrow, Melospiza georgiana LC
White-throated sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis LC
Harris's sparrow, Zonotrichia querula LC
White-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia leucophrys LC
Golden-crowned sparrow, Zonotrichia atricapilla LC
Dark-eyed junco, Junco hyemalis LC
Yellow-eyed junco, Junco phaeonotus LC
Pine bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos (A) LC
Little bunting, Emberiza pusilla (C) LC
Yellow-browed bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys (A) LC
Rustic bunting, Emberiza rustica LC
Yellow-throated bunting, Emberiza elegans (A) LC
Yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola (A) EN
Gray bunting, Emberiza variabilis (A) LC
Pallas's bunting, Emberiza pallasi (A) LC
Reed bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus (C) LC
Cardinals, grosbeaks and allies
Order: Passeriformes Family: cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodlands. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
Hepatic tanager, Piranga flava LC
Summer tanager, Piranga rubra LC
Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea LC
Western tanager, Piranga ludoviciana LC
Flame-colored tanager, Piranga bidentata LC
Crimson-collared grosbeak, Rhodothraupis celaeno (C) LC
Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis LC
Pyrrhuloxia, Cardinalis sinuatus LC
Yellow grosbeak, Pheucticus chrysopeplus (C) LC
Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus LC
Black-headed grosbeak, Pheucticus melanocephalus LC
Blue bunting, Cyanocompsa parellina (C) LC
Blue grosbeak, Passerina caerulea LC
Lazuli bunting, Passerina amoena LC
Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea LC
Varied bunting, Passerina versicolor LC
Painted bunting, Passerina ciris NT
Dickcissel, Spiza americana LC
Icterids, meadowlarks, cowbirds, grackles and orioles
Order: Passeriformes Family: Icteridae
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.
Bobolink, Dolichonyx oryzivorus LC
Red-winged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus LC
Tricolored blackbird, Agelaius tricolor EN
Tawny-shouldered blackbird, Agelaius humeralis (A) LC
Eastern meadowlark, Sturnella magna LC
Western meadowlark, Sturnella neglecta LC
Yellow-headed blackbird, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus LC
Rusty blackbird, Euphagus carolinus VU
Brewer's blackbird, Euphagus cyanocephalus LC
Common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula LC
Boat-tailed grackle, Quiscalus major LC
Great-tailed grackle, Quiscalus mexicanus LC
Shiny cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis LC
Bronzed cowbird, Molothrus aeneus LC
Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater LC
Black-vented oriole, Icterus wagleri (A) LC
Orchard oriole, Icterus spurius LC
Hooded oriole, Icterus cucullatus LC
Streak-backed oriole, Icterus pustulatus (C) LC
Bullock's oriole, Icterus bullockii LC
Spot-breasted oriole, Icterus pectoralis (I) LC
Altamira oriole, Icterus gularis LC
Audubon's oriole, Icterus graduacauda LC
Baltimore oriole, Icterus galbula LC
Scott's oriole, Icterus parisorum LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Common chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs (C) LC
Brambling, Fringilla montifringilla LC
Gray-crowned rosy-finch, Leucosticte tephrocotis LC
Black rosy-finch, Leucosticte atrata LC
Brown-capped rosy-finch, Leucosticte australis LC
Asian rosy finch, Leucosticte arctoa (A) LC
Pine grosbeak, Pinicola enucleator LC
Common rosefinch, Carpodacus erythrinus (C) LC
Pallas's rosefinch, Carpodacus roseus (A) LC
Purple finch, Haemorhous purpureus LC
Cassin's finch, Haemorhous cassinii NT
House finch, Haemorhous mexicanus LC
Red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra LC
White-winged crossbill, Loxia leucoptera LC
Common redpoll, Carduelis flammea LC
Hoary redpoll, Carduelis hornemanni
Eurasian siskin, Carduelis spinus (A) LC
Pine siskin, Carduelis pinus LC
Lesser goldfinch, Carduelis psaltria LC
Lawrence's goldfinch, Carduelis lawrencei LC
American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis LC
Oriental greenfinch, Carduelis sinica (C) LC
Eurasian bullfinch, Pyrrhula pyrrhula (C) LC
Evening grosbeak, Coccothraustes vespertinus LC
Hawfinch, Coccothraustes coccothraustes (C) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
House sparrow, Passer domesticus (I) LC
Eurasian tree sparrow, Passer montanus (I) LC
Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae
Waxbills are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short, thick, but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but vary widely in plumage colors and patterns. They build large, domed nests and lay five to ten white eggs.
Scaly-breasted munia, Lonchura punctulata (I) LC
