Specialty oncology ICD-O M8890/0-8894 | ICD-9-CM 218 MedlinePlus dostinex | |
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Synonyms leiomyomas, leiomyomata ICD-10 D21, D25 (ILDS D21.M40) | ||
A leiomyoma, also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%). They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus. Polycythemia may occur due to increased erythropoietin production as part of a paraneoplastic syndrome.
Contents
- Uterus
- Gallbladder
- Skin
- Small intestines
- Other locations metastatic leiomyoma
- Familial leiomyoma
- References
The word is from leio- + myo- + -oma, "smooth-muscle tumor".
Uterus
Uterine fibroids are leiomyomata of the uterine smooth muscle. As other leiomyomata, they are benign, but may lead to excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia), often cause anemia and may lead to infertility.
A rare form of these tumors is uterine lipoleiomyoma - benign tumors consisting of a mixture of adipocytes and smooth muscle cells. Uterine lipoleiomyomata have been observed together with ovarian and other pathologies and some of them may develop into liposarcoma. These tumors are monoclonal, and non-random chromosomal abnormalities have been seen in 40% of the tumors.
Gallbladder
Mesenchymal neoplasms of the gallbladder are rare and in particular leiomyomas of the gallbladder have been rarely reported, all of them in patients with immune system disorders. Although, recently, a case was reported in absence of associated immunodeficiency at Monash Hospital in Melbourne Australia in a healthy 39-year-old woman with no symptoms.
Skin
Leiomyomas of the skin are generally (1) acquired, and (2) divided into several categories:
Small intestines
Leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of small bowel. Approximately 50% of cases are found in the jejunum, followed by the ileum in 31% of cases. Almost one half of all lesions are less than 5 centimeters.