The Lamborghini V10 is a ninety degree (90°) V10 petrol engine which was developed for the Lamborghini Gallardo automobile, first sold in 2003.
Developed by AUDI AG, for use in the Gallardo, and the first engine developed for Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. after they were acquired by AUDI AG - part of the Volkswagen Group.
Its crankcase and cylinder block is built at the Audi Hungaria Motor Kft. factory in Győr, Hungary, whilst final assembly is at Sant'Agata, Italy. It has a 90° vee angle and unusually for a production motor a dry sump lubrication system was chosen to keep the center of gravity of the engine low.
There was also some speculation that the engine block of the original 5.0-litre Lamborghini V10 is closely based on the Audi 4.2 FSI V8, which Audi produces for their luxury cars. However, this was denied by AUDI AG, in their official documentation for their 5.2 FSI V10 engine, as used in the Audi S6 and Audi S8 - the Lamborghini 5.0 V10 has a cylinder bore spacing of 88 millimetres (3.46 in) between centres, whereas the Audi 5.2 V10 cylinder bore spacing is 90 millimetres (3.54 in). The cylinder heads use the four valves per cylinder layout favoured by the Italian firm, rather than the five valve per cylinder variation formerly favoured by the German members of Volkswagen Group - including Audi and Volkswagen Passenger Cars. It was later confirmed by Stefan Reil of Audi's quattro GmbH subsidiary that the new 5.2-litre Lamborghini V10 does share technologies with the Audi 5.2 V10 engine, as is evident by Lamborghini's usage of Audi's Fuel Stratified Injection, and 90 mm cylinder spacing.
engine configuration
90° V10 engine; dry sump lubrication system
engine displacement etc.
5.0 — 4,961 cubic centimetres (302.7 cu in); bore x stroke: 82.5 by 92.8 millimetres (3.25 in × 3.65 in) (stroke ratio: 0.89:1 - undersquare/long-stroke), 496.1 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 11.5:1
5.2 — 5,204 cubic centimetres (317.6 cu in); bore x stroke: 84.5 by 92.8 millimetres (3.33 in × 3.65 in) (stroke ratio: 0.91:1 - undersquare/long-stroke), 520.4 cc per cylinder; compression ratio: 12.5:1
cylinder block and crankcase
5.0 — cast aluminium alloy with integrated liners with eutectic alloy; 88 mm (3.46 in) cylinder bore spacing; forged steel crankshaft with split crankpins (to create even 72 deg firing interval with the 90 deg vee-angle)
5.2 — cast aluminium alloy; 90 mm cylinder bore spacing; forged steel crankshaft with shared crankpins (creating an uneven firing interval of either 54 deg or 90 deg separation)
cylinder heads and valvetrain
cast aluminium alloy, four valves per cylinder, 40 valves total, low-friction roller cam followers with automatic hydraulic valve clearance compensation, chain driven double overhead camshafts, continuously variable valve timing system both for intake and exhaust
aspiration
two air filters, two hot-film air mass meters, two cast alloy throttle bodies each with electronically controlled 'drive by wire' throttle butterfly valves, cast magnesium alloy variable geometry and resonance intake manifold
fuel system
5.0 — two linked common rail fuel distributor rails, electronic sequential multi-point indirect fuel injection with 10 intake manifold-sited fuel injectors
5.2 — fully demand-controlled and returnless; fuel tank mounted low pressure fuel pump, Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI): two inlet camshaft double-cam driven single-piston high-pressure injection pumps maintaining pressure in the two stainless steel common rail fuel distributor rails, ten combustion chamber sited direct injection solenoid-controlled sequential fuel injectors
ignition system and engine management
mapped direct ignition with centrally mounted spark plugs and ten individual direct-acting single spark coils; two Lamborghini LIE electronic engine control unit (ECUs) working on the 'master and slave' concept due to the high revving nature of the engine
exhaust system
5.0 — five-into-one exhaust manifolds for each cylinder bank
5.2 — 2-1-2 branch exhaust manifold per cylinder bank to minimise reverse pulsation of expelled exhaust gasses
5.0 power and torque outputs and applications
368 kilowatts (500 PS; 493 bhp) @ 7,800 rpm; 510 newton metres (376 lbf·ft) @ 4,500 rpm (80% available from 1,500 rpm) — Gallardo 2003-2005
382 kilowatts (519 PS; 512 bhp) @ 8,000 rpm; 510 newton metres (376 lbf·ft) @ 4,250 rpm — Gallardo SE, Spyder, and 2006-2014
390 kilowatts (530 PS; 523 bhp) @ 8,000 rpm; 510 newton metres (376 lbf·ft) @ 4,250 rpm — Gallardo Superleggera
5.2 power and torque outputs and applications
412 kilowatts (560 PS; 553 bhp) @ 8,000 rpm; 540 newton metres (398 lbf·ft) @ 6,500 rpm — Gallardo LP560/4 - 2008-2014
449 kilowatts (610 PS; 602 bhp) @ 8,250 rpm; 560 newton metres (413 lbf·ft) @ 6,500 rpm — Huracán LP610/4 - 2014-on
As of 2016, all V-10s in the Lamborghini lineup use the 5.2-litre variant. They are:
Lamborghini
Gallardo LP 550-2
Gallardo LP 550-2 Spyder
Gallardo LP 560-4
Gallardo LP 560-4 Spyder
Gallardo LP 570-4 Superleggera Edizione Technica
Gallardo LP 570-4 Spyder Performante Edizone Technica
Gallardo LP 570-4 Squadra Corse
Gallardo LP 550-2 Bicolore
Gallardo LP 550-2 Tricolore
Sesto Elemento
Egoista
Huracán LP 610-4 Avio
Huracán LP 580-2
Huracán LP 610-4 Spyder
Huracán LP 610-4
Huracán LP 620-2 Super Trofeo
Asterion LPI 910-4
Audi
R8 V10
S8 D3
S6 C6
(The Lamborghini V10 has also had a placement in the Audi R8, S8 and S6. The 5.2 V10 used in the S6 and S8 is different in several important aspects, namely a less robust crankshaft with a split pin design, cast aluminum pistons, and a traditional wet-sump oiling system, as well as differences in the valvetrain - all of which, combined, result in the much higher RPM red line and specific power output of the Gallardo and R8)
