Completed 1885 Main contractor Roberts & Hoare Cost 60,000 USD (1885) Demolished 1929 | Floor count 3.5 Opened 1883 Architecture firm Peabody and Stearns | |
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Type Summer cottageShingle Style Owner George Nixon Black, Jr. Architectural style Shingle style architecture Similar William G Low House, William Watts Sherman, Mary Fiske Stoughton House, Princeton Historic District, Merchants' Exchange Building | ||
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Kragsyde (1883–85, demolished 1929) was a Shingle Style mansion designed by the Boston architectural firm of Peabody & Stearns and built at Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. Although long demolished, it is considered an icon of American architecture.
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History
It was commissioned by George Nixon Black, Jr. (1842–1928), heir to a Boston real estate fortune, who had been a Harvard classmate of architect Robert Swain Peabody. In 1882, Black paid $10,000 ($0.25 million today) for the 6 acre (2.4 ha) oceanfront plot on a peninsula called Smith's Point, overlooking Lobster Bay. Local contractor Roberts & Hoare built the house, 1883-85, for approximately $60,000 ($1.60 million today). Dramatically set upon a high rock outcropping, the rambling house was famous in its day and was published both in America and Europe. Black and his sister occupied it every summer from May to October until the end of their lives.
Architectural historian Vincent Scully described Kragsyde as "a masterpiece," and stated that "Peabody & Stearns never again, to my knowledge, created a house of such quality."
Design
Kragsyde's footprint was that of broad "V" – the three-and-a-half-story main house (75 x 45 ft / 22.9 x 13.7 m) facing the Atlantic Ocean, and a secondary wing (20 x 55 ft / 6.1 x 16.8 m) set at a 45-degree angle. It was designed not only to maximize the views, but to capture the cool sea breezes. The house's most dramatic feature was a massive arch that formed a porte cochere and supported the loggia (open porch) and glass-enclosed billiard room above. Guests arriving by carriage would be dropped off under the arch, enter through the front door, and climb an interior stair to the main floor, which featured formal rooms for entertaining. Service rooms and the kitchen were located on the ground floor, and a service stair kept the servants out of sight. A dumbwaiter carried food from the kitchen to the butler's pantry on the main floor. A piazza (deck) the length of the house faced the ocean, and a covered section cantilevered out over the rocks. The parlor was surrounded on three sides by the piazza and an L-shaped covered porch. Stairs led down from the loggia to a series of terraces. The second floor contained bedrooms for the Blacks and their guests. The third floor contained bedrooms for servants.
The terraced landscape surrounding the house was designed by Frederick Law Olmsted. Some of his original walls survive.
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