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The Kedukan Bukit Inscription was discovered by the Dutchman M. Batenburg on 29 November 1920 at Kedukan Bukit, South Sumatra, Indonesia on the banks of the River Tatang, a tributary of the River Musi. It is the oldest surviving specimen of the Malay language, in a form known as Old Malay. It is a small stone of 45 by 80 cm. This inscription is dated the year 11, 02, 605 Saka (1, 05, 683 AD) and contains numerous Sanskrit words.
Contents
- Original Text in Old Malay Language
- Translation in Modern Malay Language
- English Translation for Malay Language version of the Inscription
- English Translation
- References
George Coedes states the inscription tells us, "that on April 23, 682, a king began an expedition (siddhayatra) by boat, that on May 19 he left an estuary with an army moving simultaneously by land and sea, and that, a month later, he brought victory, power, and wealth to Srivijaya. This anonymous king is almost certainly the Jayanasa who founded a public park two years later, on March 23, 684, at Talang Tuwo..."
Original Text in Old Malay Language
All these inscriptions were written in Pallava script, a form of ancient script used in ancient India.
Transliteration 1:
svasti śrī śakavaŕşātīta 605 (604?) ekādaśī śu-klapakşa vulan vaiśākha ḍapunta hiya<ṃ> nāyik disāmvau mangalap siddhayātra di saptamī śuklapakşavulan jyeşţha ḍapunta hiya<ṃ> maŕlapas dari mināngatāmvan mamāva yaṃ vala dualakşa dangan ko-duaratus cāra di sāmvau dangan jālan sarivutlurātus sapulu dua vañakña dātaṃ di mata japsukhacitta di pañcamī śuklapakşa vula<n> <...>laghu mudita dātaṃ marvuat vanua <...>śrīvijaya jaya siddhayātra subhikşa <...>Transliteration 2:
Swasti Shri Shakawarsatita 605 ekadashiShuklapaksa wulan Waishaka dapunta hiyang naikDisambau mangalap siddhayatra di Saptami ShuklapaksaWulan Jyestha dapunta hiyang marlapas dari MinangaTamvan (Tamvar?) mamawa jang bala dua laksa dangan <...>dua ratus tsyara disambau dangan jalan saribuTlu ratus sapuloh dua banyaknya. Datang di Matajap (Mataya?)Sukhatshitta. Di pantshami shuklapaksa Wulan <...>Laghu mudik datang marwuat manua <...>Syriwijaya jayasiddhayatra subhiksa.Translation in Modern Malay Language
Literal translation:
Selamat dan Bahagia. Dalam Syaka 605Sebelas hari Bulan Waisyaka. Baginda naik kapalMencari untungnya pada tujuh hariBulan Jyestha, Baginda berlepas dari MuaraTamvan membawa bala dua laksa dengan <...>Dua ratus pawang di kapal dengan jalan seribuTiga ratus sepuluh dua banyaknya. Datang di MatajapSukacita. Di lima hari Bulan <...>Belayar mudik datang membuat benua <...>Srivijaya kota yang jaya, bahagia dan makmur.Detailed translation:
Salam bahagia, batu bersurat ini ditulis pada hari ke-11 bulan Waisyaka Tahun 605 Syaka:Baginda menaiki kapal untuk mencari untungnya pada 7 hari di bulan Jyestha.Baginda berlepas dari Muara Tamvan dengan membawa dua puluh ribu baladengan <...> serta dua ratus pawang dan tentera sebanyakseribu tiga ratus dua belas banyaknya dengan sukacitanya datang ke Matajap.Pada lima haribulan <...>, mereka datang belayar mudik ke hulu untuk membuka negara <...>.Srivijaya, kota yang jaya, bahagia dan makmur.