Judaism is a minority religion in Australia. 97,335 Australians identified as Jewish in the 2011 census, which accounts for about 0.5% of the population.
In 1830 the first Jewish wedding in Australia was celebrated, the contracting parties being Moses Joseph and Rosetta Nathan.
Jewish immigration came at a time of antisemitism and the Returned Services League and other groups publicized cartoons to encourage the government and the immigration Minister Arthur A. Calwell to stem the flow of Jewish immigrants.
Until the 1930s, all synagogues in Australia were affiliated with Orthodox, acknowledging leadership of the Chief Rabbi of the United Kingdom. To this day, about 70% of synagogues in Australia are Orthodox.
There had been at least two short-lived efforts to establish Reform congregations, the first as early as the 1890s. However, in 1930, under the leadership of Ada Phillips, a Liberal or Progressive congregation, Temple Beth Israel (Melbourne, Australia), was permanently established in Melbourne. In 1938 the long-serving Senior Rabbi, Rabbi Dr Herman Sanger, was instrumental in establishing another synagogue, Temple Emanuel in Sydney. He also played a part in founding a number of other Liberal synagogues in other cities in both Australia and New Zealand. The first Australian-born rabbi, Rabbi Dr John Levi, served the Australian Liberal movement.
About 90 percent of the Australian Jewish community live in Sydney and Melbourne. Melbourne Ports has the largest Jewish community of any electorate in Australia.
The Jewish Community Council of Victoria has estimated that 60,000 Australian Jews live in Victoria. In Frankston, the Jewish community has nearly doubled since 2007.
In Adelaide Australian Jews have been present throughout the history of the city, with many successful civic leaders and people in the arts.
The same social and cultural characteristics of Australia that facilitated the extraordinary economic, political, and social success of the Australian Jewish community have also been attributed to contributing to widespread assimilation.
Roy Clive Abraham, linguist
Raymond Apple, Senior Rabbi of the Great Synagogue of Sydney
Lior Attar, singer, musician
Hajnal Ban Black, Israeli born author, politician
Danny Ben-Moshe, writer
John Bluthal, actor
Ashley Brown, soccer player
Jordan Brown, soccer player
Saskia Burmeister, actress
Zelman Cowen, Politician, Governor-General of Australia
Mark Dreyfus, former attorney general
James Edelman, High Court Justice
Alan Finkel, Australia's Chief Scientist
Amelia Frid, Russian born actress
John Gandel, Businessman, philanthropist
Renee Geyer, soul singer
Todd Goldstein, AFL Player for the North Melbourne Kangaroos
David Gonski, Businessman, philanthropist
David Helfgott, Pianist (inspired Academy Award-winning film Shine)
Isaac Isaacs, Judge and politician, Chief Justice of Australia, and Governor-General of Australia
Barrie Kosky, Opera director
John Levi, Rabbi
Solomon Lew, Businessman
Frank Lowy, Slovak-born Israeli Australian businessman
David Malouf, writer
Miriam Margolyes, British-Australian actress
John Monash, Australian General
Jonathan Moss, Former first-class cricketer for the Victoria cricket team (2000 - 2007). Played for Australia at the Maccabiah Games in Israel
Phil Moss, Current manager of the Central Coast Mariners in the A-League, and former soccer player in the National Soccer League
Bernhard Neumann, German-born British-Australian mathematician
Henry Ninio, Egyptian-born Lord Mayor of Adelaide
Martin Pakula, politician
Anthony Pratt, Australian businessman
Richard Pratt, businessman
Ohad Rain, Australian-born Israeli singer-songwriter
Mark Regev, Australian-born Israeli diplomat and civil servant
Louis Rubin-Zacks, rabbi
John Safran, comedian
Sidney Sinclair, businessman
Peter Singer, Philosopher
Troye Sivan, South African-born Australian singer, actor and YouTuber
Victor Smorgon, Businessman
Ikey Solomon, convict, first fleet prisoner
Steven Solomon, sprinter
David Southwick, politician
Elana Stone, musician
Yael Stone, actress
Harry Triguboff, Chinese-born Australian businessman
Lionel Van Praag, speedway champion
Alex Waislitz, Businessman
Julien Wiener, cricketer
Felix Werder, German born
Yitzhak Yedid, Israeli born composer
David Zalcberg, table tennis player
Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Linguist and revivalist