Joseph C Burger

Early career

Burger was born on May 11, 1902 in Washington, D.C. and later attended the local McKinley Technology High School. Upon the graduation, he enrolled the University of Maryland, where he was active in the several sport teams. Burger played for the football team as a tackle, and on the basketball and lacrosse teams. For his great skills, Burger earned varsity letters in football in 1921, 1922, 1923, and 1924, in lacrosse in 1924 and 1925, and basketball in 1924–25. During his college years, Burger also held the United States Army Reserve commission until his graduation in June 1925.

Following his graduation from the Maryland with Bachelor of Arts degree, Burger resigned his reserve commission in order to accept appointment as Second lieutenant in the Marine Corps on July 15, 1925. As any other newly commissioned officer, he was sent to the Basic School at Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia for further officer training. While there, Burger continued in his football career and played for the Quantico Marines football team in 1925 and 1926 and later won his letter from the Marine Corps Athletic Council.

During the summer 1927, Burger left Quantico for expeditionary duty in Shanghai and Tientsin, China and after brief service in the Philippine Islands, he returned to the United States. After his return stateside, Burger served on the various stations and also with the Marine Detachments aboard the battleships USS Utah and USS Arizona and was promoted to the rank of First lieutenant in March 1931.

First lieutenant Burger returned to Quantico in July 1931, when he was assigned back to Quantico Marines football team. He served as Assistant coach under Captain George W. McHenry for seasons 1931 and 1932. Burger then remained on Quantico until the end of March 1935, when he was attached to the 4th Marine Regiment under Colonel John C. Beaumont and sailed again to China. He served as Company commander within security force of the Shanghai International Settlement and later of the guard detachment at American embassy in Beijing. While in China, he was promoted to the rank of Captain in August 1936 and during the next year, his company under his command won the Breckinridge Trophy for the best Marine unit deployed to that country.

He returned stateside in January 1938 and was assigned back to the Marine Barracks Quantico, where he remained until June 1940, when he was transferred to the Marine Corps Base San Diego, California. Burger served as an Instructor there and was promoted to the rank of Major in August 1940.

World War II

While in San Diego, Burger was transferred to the staff of Amphibious Corps, Pacific Fleet under Major general Clayton B. Vogel. After the Japanese Attack on Pearl Habor, Burger was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff and later promoted to the rank of Lieutenant colonel in August 1942. Amphibious Corps was renamed I Marine Amphibious Corps (IMAC) at the beginning of October 1942 and subsequently left for New Caledonia in South Pacific.

Burger participated in the Offensive at Guadalcanal and in its defense and later served with IMAC under Lieutenant general Alexander Vandegrift at Bougainville in New Guinea. Burger distinguished himself and for his heroic service in this capacity, he was decorated with Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V".

When general Vandergrift was appointed Commandant of the Marine Corps at the beginning of 1944, he requested Burger for his administrative skills to his office. Lieutenant colonel Burger left IMAC in January 1944 and sailed for Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., where he was appointed Military Secretary to the Commandant of the Marine Corps. During his service in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel in May 1944. Burger remained in this capacity for the rest of the war and received Navy Commendation Medal for his distinguished skills.

Later military service

Colonel Burger finally left Washington, D.C. in July 1946 and subsequently was transferred to Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, where he assummed command of the Marine Barracks within local Naval Base. He was transferred stateside in June 1948 and assigned to the Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, where he was appointed Commanding Officer of the 22nd Marine Regiment, which served as training unit for new Marine Corps Officers at the Basic School. In June 1949, Burger was succeeded by Lieutenant colonel Henry W. Buse Jr. and subsequently assummed command of the Basic School.

When the Korean War broke out, Colonel Burger was transferred to Pearl Harbor and appointed Chief of Staff of Fleet Marine Force, Pacific under General Lemuel C. Shepherd Jr. in July 1950. Within this command, he was co-responsible for the all marine units across the Pacific ocean area, including those fighting in Korea. While in this capacity, Burger was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General in October 1951. However one month later, he was transferred to Camp Pendleton in San Diego, California, where he was appointed Deputy Commander and Chief of Staff under Major general Oliver P. Smith.

Upon the reactivation of 3rd Marine Division at Camp Pendleton at the beginning of January 1952, Burger was appointed Assistant Division Commander in June 1952 under the command of Major general Robert H. Pepper. General Burger was transferred to Korea at the end of March 1953 and subsequently succeeded Brigadier general Robert O. Bare as 1st Marine Division Assistant Division Commander to Major general Edwin A. Pollock. One of his first duties in that capacity, was participation in the Prisoner exchange, Operation Little Switch in April and May 1953, which led to the release of 684 U.N. coalition prisoners.

He later participated in the combats on the western front and later in the defense of the Demilitarized zone under the command of new 1st Marine Division commander, Major general Randolph M. Pate and also took part in another prisoner exchange, Operation Big Switch in August 1953. For his service in Korea, Burger received Navy Distinguished Service Medal.

Burger has returned from Korea at the end of January 1954 and was appointed Director of Information at Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C. He was subsequently appointed Director of Marine Corps Reserve in June 1954 and finally promoted to the rank of Major general in August of the same year. Burger remained in Washington, D.C. until January 1956, when he relieved his old superior Edwin A. Pollock as the commanding general of Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island in Port Royal, South Carolina. He was the commander of that facility during the infamous Ribbon Creek incident the following month, in which a junior drill instructor conducted a forced march that resulted in the drowning deaths of six Marine recruits.

After the incident, Burger was transferred out of the command "without prejudice" and Commandant of the Marine Corps and Burger's superior from Korea, Randolph M. Pate, transferred him to Camp Lejeune, where he assumed command of 2nd Marine Division.

He later attained the rank of Lieutenant general on November 1, 1959 and ended his career as Commanding General, Fleet Marine Force Atlantic. Burger retired from the Marine Corps on November 1, 1961 and died on February 1, 1982 at the age of 79. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with full military honors. Burger was inducted in the inaugural class of the University of Maryland Athletic Hall of Fame in 1982.

Decorations

A complete list of the general's medals and decorations include: