Joint Ocean Commission Initiative

The Ocean Commissions

Pursuant to the Oceans Act of 2000, President George W. Bush established the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy, chaired by Admiral James D. Watkins. The 16-member commission presented recommendations for a new and comprehensive national ocean policy. Their final report, An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, was released in 2004.

Concurrently, the Pew Charitable Trusts established the Pew Oceans Commission, led by Leon Panetta. The 18-member group presented its recommendations on ocean policy reform in their 2003 report, America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change.

The Joint Ocean Commission Initiative: 2005-2010

The reports of the US Commission on Ocean Policy and the Pew Oceans Commission contained strikingly similar recommendations. To further their overlapping and complementary recommendations and to unify their efforts, the members of the two Commissions came together in 2005 as the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. It was originally co-chaired by former White House Chief of Staff Leon Panetta and former Chief of Naval Operations Admiral James D. Watkins (United States Navy, Ret.), chairs of the Pew and U.S. Ocean Commissions, respectively. Meridian Institute has served as the secretariat of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative throughout its existence.

From 2005 to 2010, the Joint Initiative Commissioners continually provided assistance to policymakers at all levels of government — federal, state, and local — as well as to leaders in the nongovernmental, academic, and private sectors. The commissioners were dedicated to moving the U.S. toward a better coordinated national ocean policy, with an improved governance framework and enhanced management tools to carry out that policy. The Joint Ocean Commission Initiative focused its efforts in seven priority areas: national ocean policy reform; regional and state ocean leadership; international ocean leadership; ocean science, research, and education; fisheries management reform; new funding; and oceans and climate change.

To advance these priorities, members of the Joint Initiative were regularly called on as experts to advise Congress and other political leaders and appeared as key witnesses at numerous hearings on ocean policy. The Joint Initiative also served as a resource for expertise on ocean issues to the media and other ocean groups. Joint Initiative leaders authored or were cited in numerous articles and stories about its work have appeared in major national newspapers and media markets around the country. Commissioners aided the Joint Initiative through their independent work concerning ocean and coastal issues and through maintaining a high profile in the ocean community.

The Joint Ocean Commission Initiative Leadership Council: 2010 - Present

In June 2010, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative announced new leadership that would focus specifically on promoting the establishment and effective implementation of a comprehensive U.S. national ocean policy.

The bipartisan Joint Initiative Leadership Council is co-chaired by William Ruckelshaus and Norman Mineta. Members of the Joint Initiative Leadership Council include:

Co-chairs

William Ruckelshaus – Strategic Director, Madrona Venture Group; former Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1970-1973, 1983-1985); Member, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

Norman Mineta – President & CEO, Mineta & Associates, LLC; Former Secretary of Transportation (2001-2006) and Secretary of Commerce (2000-2001); Member of Congress (1975-1995)

Members

Frances Beinecke – Senior Fellow, Natural Resources Defense Council

Don Boesch – Professor of Marine Science and President, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science

Lillian Borrone – Former Assistant Executive Director, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey; Member, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

Norm Dicks – Senior Policy Advisor, Van Ness Feldman; former Member of Congress (1977-2013)

Quenton Dokken – President and Chief Executive Officer, Gulf of Mexico Foundation, Inc.

Vice Admiral Paul Gaffney II (U.S. Navy, Ret.) – President Emeritus, Monmouth University; Member, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

Robert Gagosian – President Emeritus, Consortium for Ocean Leadership

Sherri Goodman – President and Chief Executive Officer, Consortium for Ocean Leadership

Scott Gudes – Vice President of Government Affairs, American Sportfishing Association

Vice Admiral Conrad Lautenbacher, U.S. Navy (Ret.) – Chief Executive Officer and Director of GeoOptics, Inc.; former Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator (2001-2008)

Margaret Leinen - Director, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Vice Chancellor for Marine Sciences and Dean, School of Marine Sciences, University of California, San Diego

Christopher Lischewski - President and Chief Executive Officer, Bumble Bee Foods, LLC

Jane Lubchenco – Distinguished University Professor and Advisor in Marine Studies, Oregon State University; U.S. Science Envoy for the Ocean; former Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere and NOAA Administrator (2009-2013); Member, Pew Oceans Commission

Julie Packard – Executive Director, Monterey Bay Aquarium; Member, Pew Oceans Commission

Leon Panetta - Co-founder, Panetta Institute for Public Policy; Chair, Pew Oceans Commission

John Pappalardo – Chief Executive Officer, Cape Cod Commercial Fishermen’s Alliance; former Chair, New England Fishery Management Council (2006-2011)

Pietro Parravano – President, Institute for Fisheries Resources; Member, Pew Oceans Commission

Diane Regas – Vice President for Programs, Environmental Defense Fund

Randy Repass - Founder and Chairman of the Board of Directors, West Marine, Inc.

Andrew Rosenberg – Director of the Center for Science and Democracy, Union of Concerned Scientists; Member, U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy

Christine Todd Whitman - Founder and President, The Whitman Strategy Group; former Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (2001-2003); former Governor, State of New Jersey (1994-2001)

Key national ocean policy developments

On July 19, 2010 President Barack Obama signed Executive Order 13547 establishing a National Policy for the Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes. The Executive Order directed federal agencies to adopt and implement the Final Recommendations of the White House Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force, a body established by President Obama in June 2009 to make recommendations about U.S. ocean policy. The Task Force recommendations called for the establishment of a national ocean policy with a strong federal coordinating structure and an effective framework for implementation based on coastal and marine spatial planning, all to be overseen by an Interagency National Ocean Council. The new national ocean policy represented the realization of one of the key recommendations urged by the US Commission on Ocean Policy and the Pew Oceans Commission and championed by the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative.

To carry out the policy, the President created a federal interagency coordinating structure led by a cabinet-level National Ocean Council. Supporting the National Ocean Council are entities that provide interagency coordination on key technical and policy matters at the federal level. In addition, the Executive Order created a non-federal Governance Coordinating Committee consisting of state, tribal, and local representatives who coordinate with and advise the National Ocean Council. Finally, the Executive Order called for the creation of regional entities, composed of state, federal, tribal, and Regional Fishery Management Council representatives, that will be responsible for working with stakeholders to design regional ocean planning approaches. The purpose of these regional entities is to improve data-sharing and coordination among governmental entities managing our oceans, find ways to increase the efficiency of their decision making, take into account future trends and regional goals in those decisions, engage stakeholders, states, and tribes in a more meaningful way in determining how our oceans are used and managed.

To translate the National Ocean Policy into on-the-ground actions, the National Ocean Council released the National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan in April 2013. The Implementation Plan, which incorporates input from a range of stakeholders, including industry, conservation, and science perspectives, describes specific actions federal agencies will take to address our ocean-related challenges, gives states and regions greater input into federal decisions, streamlines federal operations, and promotes economic growth.

The Joint Initiative looking forward

The Joint Initiative Leadership Council is working to ensure that the national ocean policy adequately protect, maintain, and restore the environmental and economic health of our oceans, coasts, and Great Lakes. The Joint Initiative continues to view each of the four policy recommendations articulated in its 2013 report Charting the Course: Securing the Future of America's Oceans as an integral part of reforming ocean and coastal policy, improving ocean health, and bolstering the ocean economy for all citizens of the United States. All four of the policy priorities are incorporated in the work of the Leadership Council to promote effective and comprehensive national ocean policy.

Charting the Course: Securing the Future of America's Oceans

In June 2013, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative released Charting the Course: Securing the Future of America's Oceans. The report recommends actions for the Administration and Congress that prioritize areas where short-term progress can be readily achieved. If implemented, these measures will strengthen ocean-dependent economies, protect coastal communities and provide new opportunities for growth in thriving oceans. The report highlights four major recommendations and provides details on how to implement them:

1. Enhance the resiliency of coastal communities and ocean ecosystems to dramatic changes underway in our oceans and on our coasts

The Administration and Congress should boost funding and support for programs that protect and restore critical coastal infrastructure.

The Administration and Congress should provide support for states and communities to upgrade critical coastal infrastructure, including wastewater and transportation systems.

The Administration and Congress should provide increased funding and support for ocean science infrastructure and research programs needed to understand the relationship between the oceans and climate and improve our forecasting capabilities.

The Administration and Congress should take actions to measure and assess the threat of ocean acidification and develop mechanisms to address the problem.

2. Promote ocean renewable energy development and reinvest in our oceans

The Administration and Congress should accelerate ocean renewable energy development by providing financial and tax incentives and a fair regulatory structure.

Congress should establish a dedicated ocean investment fund to invest a portion of revenues from offshore commercial energy activities to provide support for national, regional, state, and local programs working to manage ocean and coastal resources.

3. Support state and regional ocean and coastal priorities

The Administration and Congress should support multi-state regional ocean partnerships that coordinate data and decision making across jurisdictions, make progress on shared priorities, and more effectively engage ocean and coastal stakeholders.

4. Improve Arctic research and management

Congress and the Administration should implement the National Strategy for the Arctic Region and ensure opportunities for public engagement.

Congress and the Administration should implement a coordinated scientific research program in the Arctic that is supported by strong ocean observation system and adequate infrastructure - including vessels, polar icebreakers, and fundamental platforms for research.

The Administration and Congress should increase funding for federal agencies operating in the region, particularly the United States Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The U.S. Senate should consent to accede to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

In 2014, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative will publicly assess progress on these recommendations and will identify specific areas of achievement and deficiency.

Changing Oceans Changing World

In April 2009, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative released an urgent set of recommendations, Changing Oceans, Changing World: Ocean Priorities for the Administration and Congress. The recommendations incorporated input from leaders at some of the most respected and influential ocean and coastal policy and science organizations in the country. The Joint Initiative identified specific actions the Obama Administration and Congress should take within two to four years to improve ocean and coastal policy, management, science and funding, emphasizing their contributions toward addressing pressing national challenges of climate change, energy security and reviving the economy. The report identified the following policy priorities and specific actions for the President and Congress to take:

1. Improving Ocean and Coastal Policy and Management

The Administration and Congress should establish a national ocean policy.

Congress should codify and strengthen the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to enhance its mission, improve its structure.

The Administration and Congress should support regional, ecosystem-based approaches to the management of ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes

Congress should strengthen and reauthorize the Coastal Zone Management Act.

Congress should strengthen the Clean Water Act.

The Administration should support expedited implementation of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, with Congress ensuring that NOAA has the necessary funding to implement the Act.

The Administration and Congress should actively encourage the use of innovative, science-based approaches that take into account important ecosystem dynamics that affect the health of our nation’s marine ecosystems as a whole and, in particular, its fisheries.

2. Bolstering International Leadership

The United States Senate should provide its advice and consent to U.S. accession to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea by the end of 2009.

The Administration should work to ensure that the Arctic Ocean is managed in a comprehensive, integrated, and science-based manner.

The Administration should implement a strong scientific research program in the Arctic.

The Administration should fully implement the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing provisions of the Magnuson-Stevens Act

The Administration and Congress should support ongoing U.S. efforts in the World Trade Organization negotiations calling for an end to fishing subsidies that promote overcapitalization and global depletion of fish stocks.

3. Strengthening Ocean Science

The Administration should strengthen and Congress should codify, where appropriate, the federal ocean science governance regime.

The Administration and Congress should enhance the integration of ocean and coastal science into the broader climate initiative.

The Administration and Congress should secure the availability of ocean-related information, products, and services critical to the operations of key sectors of the U.S. economy.

The Committee on Ocean Policy and the Office of Science and Technology Policy should take the lead in developing a comprehensive strategy to guide marine-related, ecosystem-focused research, assessment, and management.

The Administration should initiate an effort among governmental, academic, and private stakeholders engaged in ocean science to prioritize competing demands within the ocean and coastal science community.

4. Funding Ocean and Coastal Policies and Programs

The Administration and Congress should establish an Ocean Investment Fund, using resource rents generated by private commercial activities in federal waters on the Outer Continental Shelf.

A portion of any funds generated by the sale of carbon credits pursuant to a cap and trade or tax system should be dedicated to protecting, maintaining, and restoring ocean and coastal ecosystems, as well as promoting greater scientific understanding of the relationship between the oceans and climate change.

The Administration should develop an integrated federal coastal and ocean budget.

One Coast One Future

In January 2009, the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative released its much anticipated report, One Coast, One Future: Securing the Health of West Coast Ecosystems and Economies. The report, requested by 19 elected officials from California, Oregon and Washington State, offers guidance to local, state and federal leaders on how to improve the health of coastal ecosystems and the economies that depend on them through integrated decision making. One Coast, One Future offers specific and immediate ways that local and state West Coast leaders can collaborate to implement a coordinated and more productive approach to managing the coast, as well as ways state legislatures and the federal government can support their efforts. The report urges these leaders to adapt and prepare for climate change impacts through an ecosystem-based approach that recognizes the interconnections among marine life, climate, local economies and the quality of human life. The report also acknowledges that many local West Coast communities currently face alternative energy proposals, and suggests ways that they can work with other communities, government agencies and developers to implement effective solutions to these pressing energy challenges. Recommendations in the report include the following:

Identify a coordination area and engage stakeholders in setting goals.

Understand and monitor ecosystem health.

Establish coordinating mechanisms to bring together all interested parties.

Make the land-sea connection.

Collect and integrate locally-relevant information to better inform decision -making.

Support integrated, ecosystem-based approaches, particularly at the local level.

Consider marine spatial planning.

Plan for climate change impacts at all levels of government.

Maintain or enhance funding for core coastal and ocean programs.

Send a clear message to Congress and the administration to fund and implement ocean protection measures.

Creatively consolidate or reallocate existing resources to take full advantage of funding sources.

Establish public-private partnerships for funding and in-kind resources.

From Sea to Shining Sea

In June 2006 the Joint Initiative released a national ocean policy action plan for Congress, From Sea to Shining Sea: Priorities for Ocean Policy Reform. The plan was created at the request of ten prominent U.S. Senators to provide a guide for legislative and funding priorities.

The action plan responds to the Senators’ request to identify the most urgent priorities for congressional action to implement the two Commissions’ recommendations. The plan outlines ten steps Congress should take to address the most pressing challenges, the highest funding priorities, and the most important changes to federal laws and the budget process to establish a more effective and integrated ocean policy. The report identified the following priorities:

Adopting a statement of national ocean policy that acknowledges in legislation the importance of oceans to the nation’s economic and ecological health and establishes a framework for all other ocean legislation.

Establishing a strengthened National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in law and working with the Bush Administration to improve federal agency coordination on ocean and coastal issues;

Enacting legislation to create incentives for ecosystem-based management that builds upon existing and emerging regional efforts to involve federal, state, tribal, and local governments, as well as the private sector, nongovernmental organizations, and academic institutions;

Reauthorizing an improved Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act that relies more strongly on science to guide management actions to ensure the long-term sustainability of U.S. fisheries;

Enacting ocean and coastal bills that have made significant progress through the legislative process in the 109th United States Congress;

Incorporating ocean-related science and education into the new national innovation and competitiveness initiative, capitalizing on the growing economic potential associated with our oceans and the attraction they hold for students;

Enacting legislation to authorize and fund the Integrated Ocean Observing System;

Acceding to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, allowing the U.S. to share its expertise, capitalize on economic opportunities, and protect is sovereign interests;

Establishing an Ocean Trust Fund in the U.S. Treasury as a dedicated source of funds for improved management and understanding of ocean and coastal resources by the federal and state governments; and

Securing additional funding to support management, science, and education programs that are the foundation of robust national ocean policy.

U.S. Ocean Policy Report Card

The Joint Initiative released a U.S. Ocean Policy Report Card for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2012 which monitored the nation’s collective progress toward fulfilling the recommendations of the two Commissions’ reports and advancing ocean policy reform. The report card assesses progress over the year and provided specific recommendations about how to improve each categorical grade. There were five subjects featured on the 2012 report card: national leadership and support; regional, state, and local leadership and implementation; research, science; and education; funding; and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

It is a continuing priority of the Joint Initiative Leadership Council to monitor and assess U.S. ocean policy.