John Vassos

Background

Vassos was born in Romania to Greek parents, and moved when young to Istanbul, Turkey, where he drew political cartoons for his father's newspaper. After serving in the British Naval Support Systems during World War I, he emigrated to Boston in 1919 where he attended the Fenway Art School at night. In 1924 he moved to New York, where he opened his own studio creating window displays, murals, and advertisements. He attended the Art Students League of New York, studying under George Bridgman, John Sloan, and others. He lived first on Barrow Street in bohemian Greenwich Village and became friends with photographer Margaret Bourke White, abstract painter Jimmy Ernst, and fellow Greek immigrant Nicholas John Cassavetes. Among his friends were intellectuals like Harry Hopkins who would join Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s Brain Trust, psychoanalyst Harry Stack Sullivan, and Edward Bernays, one of the first practitioners of public relations. He moved to the Silvermine neighborhood in Norwalk, Connecticut in the 1930s where he was an influential leader of the Silvermine Guild.

Books

Between 1927–1935, Vassos also illustrated nine books, including Salome, Ballad of Reading Gaol, and The Harlot's House and Other Poems – three literary works by Oscar Wilde which were published by E.P. Dutton. Contempo (1929) written by his wife Ruth Vassos with images by Vassos is his first solo book and was met with great acclaim. Contempo is best understood as an exploration of American society during a moment of great transformation in which the American tempo is celebrated as a “a certain sharp staccato rhythm almost like a riveting machine that exists nowhere else in the world." The book also critiques the institutions of mass culture and commercial society. Ultimo presented a dystopic vision of a future underground society using streamlined motifs and was a response to debates about the urban landscape dominated by skyscrapers. Phobia was his most influential book – inspired by and dedicated to the Freudian psychoanalyst Harry Stack Sullivan. It reflects a modern landscape through the perspective of those who suffer from phobias.

Industrial design

In 1924, Vassos created his first industrial design, a lotion bottle popular as a hip flask during Prohibition. In 1933 he designed the widely popular Perey turnstile still used in many subway stations. Other notable designs included a streamlined paring knife, Hohner accordions, computers, an electron microscope for the RCA company, corporate logos, and shotguns. These highly functional and visually striking designs include major forms of media in the 20th century. His strengths in designing media tools for consumers and professionals alike set him apart from other industrial designers. Vassos designed numerous radios, phonograph players, the Constellation jukebox for the Mills Company, and total environments for movie theaters, international expositions, and restaurants. John Vassos’s contributions to public projects like the famous RCA Building for the 1939/1940 New York World’s Fair, have been overlooked for decades. John Vassos Consulting considered RCA, NBC, United Artists, Waterman Pens, Coke-Cola, Wallace Silver, Nedick’s, Mills Industries, and the United States Government among its scores of national clients.

Vassos designed the cabinets of the RCA Corporation's first commercially available television sets. For the 1939 New York World's Fair he created a novel TV cabinet in transparent Lucite plastic as well as the company's first mass-produced television sets – the TRK12, TRK-9, and TRK-5 which were sold at major department stores in the New York metropolitan area. He created the visionary "Musicorner" for the America at Home Pavilion also at the 1939/1940 New York World's Fair, which was the first vision of an integrated media-centered room which combined radio, television, and record player housed within a single cabinet. In 1941, Vassos designed the RCA 621TS television set, which was slated to be sold the following year as a 1942 model. However, after Pearl Harbor and America's entry into World War II, manufacture of most consumer goods (including radio and television sets) was prohibited for the duration of the war, so the design was withheld until the end of the war, when it was brought out in 1946 as a limited run model until the post-war designs were fully ready. His industrial design contributions at RCA spanned over 40 years and included the designs for microphones, broadcast equipment, transmitter buildings, RCA's first color television camera which became the standard in the field, and the RCA 501 computer among many other hundreds of products for the company.

Industrial design profession

John Vassos was a founder of the industrial design profession in the United States and strived for excellence in the field. He was instrumental in the formation of the Industrial Design Society of America (IDSA) and was its first Chairman of the Board. He insisted that designers should be concerned with the legal status of their profession, and helped establish educational and licensing requirements, and in 1944 along with Alexander Kostellow and others, Vassos developed a four-year educational program for industrial design.

His papers are collected at Syracuse University and at the Archives of American Art in Washington DC. The first autobiography of John Vassos by Danielle Shapiro, Ph.D. is John Vassos: Industrial Design for Modern Life (University of Minnesota Press, 2016) which situates John Vassos among the most influential industrial designers of his generation.

World War II, Wartime Honors and Legacy with the Office of Strategic Services (OSS)

John Vassos enlisted into the United States Army when World War II began and was given the rank of captain. He was quickly identified as a prime asset for America's newly-created intelligence service founded by William J. Donovan: the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Due to his extraordinary leadership, cleverness, unsurpassed skill-set and knowledge of the Mediterranean, as well as his fluency in Greek, he was immediately assigned to the 'Secret Intelligence' (SI) and 'Special Operations' branches (SO) of the Office of Strategic Services and promoted to major. There, he was put in charge of the secluded ‘Spy School’ in Cairo, Egypt. This clandestine training center was a Camp X-type facility, situated in a remote, upper-class suburb of Cairo along the Nile River, in a palace once owned by King Farouk. Major Vassos was the Commanding Officer (CO) of the ‘Spy School’ for the duration of the war. Under Vassos' tutelage, many agents were trained and sent on missions behind enemy lines: primarily to Greece, the Balkans, and Italy. Vassos' detailed drawings, for the OSS training manuals and films, were used by prospective agents and attest to his unique artistic talent. For his meritorious service, Vassos was promoted to the rank of colonel at the war’s conclusion by the OSS and the United States Army.