Jiles Atherton model - Alchetron, The Free Social Encyclopedia

The Jiles-Atherton model of magnetic hysteresis was introduced in 1984. This is one of the most popular models of magnetic hysteresis. Its main advantage is the fact that this model enables connection with physical parameters of the magnetic material. Jiles-Atherton model enables calculation of minor and major hysteresis loops. The original Jiles-Atherton model is suitable only for isotropic materials. However, an extension of this model presented by Ramesh et al. and corrected by Szewczyk enables the modeling of anisotropic magnetic materials.

Principles

Magnetization M of the magnetic material sample in Jiles-Atherton model is calculated in the following steps for each value of the magnetizing field H :

effective magnetic field H e is calculated considering interdomain coupling α and magnetization M ,

anhysteretic magnetization M an is calculated for effective magnetic field H e ,

magnetization M of the sample is calculated by solving ordinary differential equation taking into account sign of derivative of magnetizing field H (which is the source of hysteresis).

Parameters

Original Jiles-Atherton model considers following parameters:

Extension considering uniaxial anisotropy introduced by Ramesh et al. and corrected by Szewczyk requires additional parameters:

Effective magnetic field

Effective magnetic field H e influencing on magnetic moments within the material may be calculated from following equation:

H e = H + α M

This effective magnetic field is analogous to the Weiss mean field acting on magnetic moments within a magnetic domain.

Anhysteretic magnetization

Anhysteretic magnetization can be observed experimentally, when magnetic material is demagnetized under the influence of constant magnetic field. However, measurements of anhysteretic magnetization are very sophisticated due to the fact, that the fluxmeter has to keep accuracy of integration during the demagnetization process. As a result, experimental verification of the model of anhysteretic magnetization is possible only for materials with negligible hysteresis loop.
Anhysteretic magnetization of typical magnetic material can be calculated as a weighted sum of isotropic and anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization:

M an = ( 1 − t ) M an iso + t M an aniso

Isotropic

Isotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an iso is determined on the base of Boltzmann distribution. In the case of isotropic magnetic materials, Boltzmann distribution can be reduced to Langevin function connecting isotropic anhysteretic magnetization with effective magnetic field H e :

M an iso = M s ( coth ⁡ ( H e / a ) − ( a / H e ) )

Anisotropic

Anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso is also determined on the base of Boltzmann distribution. However, in such a case, there is no antiderivative for Boltzmann distribution function. For this reason, integration has to be made numerically. In the original publication, anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso is given as:

M an aniso = M s ∫ 0 π e E ( 1 ) + E ( 2 ) sin ⁡ ( θ ) cos ⁡ ( θ ) d θ ∫ 0 π e E ( 1 ) + E ( 2 ) sin ⁡ ( θ ) d θ

where

E ( 1 ) = H e a cos ⁡ θ − K an M s μ 0 a sin 2 ⁡ ( ψ − θ ) E ( 2 ) = H e a cos ⁡ θ − K an M s μ 0 a sin 2 ⁡ ( ψ + θ )

It should be highlighted, that typing mistake happened in the original Ramesh et al. publication. As a result, for isotropic material (where K an = 0 ) ), presented form of anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso is not coherent with isotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an iso given by Langevin equation. Physical analysis leads to conclusion, that equation for anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso has to be corrected to the following form:

M an aniso = M s ∫ 0 π e 0.5 ( E ( 1 ) + E ( 2 ) ) sin ⁡ ( θ ) cos ⁡ ( θ ) d θ ∫ 0 π e 0.5 ( E ( 1 ) + E ( 2 ) ) sin ⁡ ( θ ) d θ

In the corrected form, model for anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso was confirmed experimentally for anisotropic amorphous alloys.

Magnetization as a function of magnetizing field

In Jiles-Atherton model, M(H) dependence is given in form of following ordinary differential equation:

d M d H = 1 1 + c M an − M δ k − α ( M an − M ) + c 1 + c d M an d H

where δ depends on direction of changes of magnetizing field H ( δ = 1 for increasing field, δ = − 1 for decreasing field)

Flux density as a function of magnetizing field

Flux density B in the material is given as:

B ( H ) = μ 0 M ( H )
where μ 0 is magnetic constant.

Vectorized Jiles-Atherton model

Vectorized Jiles-Atherton model is constructed as the superposition of three scalar models one for each principal axe. This model is especially suitable for finite element method computations.

Numerical problems

Two most important computational problems connected with the Jiles-Atherton model were identified:

numerical integration of the anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso

solving the ordinary differential equation for M ( H ) dependence.

For numerical integration of the anisotropic anhysteretic magnetization M an aniso the Gauss–Kronrod quadrature formula has to be used. In GNU Octave this quadrature is implemented as quadgk() function. For solving ordinary differential equation for M ( H ) dependence, the Runge–Kutta methods are recommended. It was observed, that the best performing was 4-th order fixed step method.

Further development

Since its introduction in 1984, Jiles-Atherton model was intensively developed. As a result, this model may be applied for the modeling of:

frequency dependence of magnetic hysteresis loop in conductive materials

influence of stresses on magnetic hysteresis loops

magnetostriction of soft magnetic materials

Moreover, different corrections were implemented, especially:

to avoid unphysical states when reversible permeability is negative

to consider changes of average energy required to break pinning site

Applications

Jiles-Atherton model may be applied for modeling:

rotating electric machines

power transformers

magnetostrictive actuators

magnetoelastic sensors

magnetic field sensors (e. g. fluxgates)

It is also widely used for electronic circuit simulation, especially for models of inductive components, such as transformers or chokes.

References

Jiles-Atherton model Wikipedia

(Text) CC BY-SA

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