Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh

History

Jaunpur historically known as Sheeraz-e-Hind having its historical dates from 1359, when the city was founded by the Sultan of Delhi Feroz Shah Tughlaq and named in memory of his cousin, Muhammad bin Tughluq, whose given name was Jauna Khan. In 1388, Feroz Shah Tughlaq appointed Malik Sarwar, an eunuch, who is notorious for having been the lover of Feroz Shah Tughlaq's daughter, as the governor of the region. The Sultanate was in disarray because of factional fighting for power, and in 1393 Malik Sarwar declared independence. He and his adopted son Mubarak Shah founded what came to be known as the Sharqi dynasty (dynasty of the East). During the Sharqi period the Jaunpur Sultanate was a strong military power in Northern India, and on several occasions threatened the Delhi Sultanate.

The Jaunpur Sultanate attained its greatest height under the younger brother of Mubarak Shah, who ruled as Shams-ud-din Ibrahim Shah (ruled 1402-1440). To the east, his kingdom extended to Bihar, and to the west, to Kanauj; he even marched on Delhi at one point. Under the aegis of a Muslim holy man named Qutb al-Alam, he threatened the Sultanate of Bengal under Raja Ganesha.

During the reign of Husain Shah (1456–76), the Jaunpur army was perhaps the biggest in India, and Husain decided to attempt a conquest of Delhi. However, he was defeated on three successive attempts by Bahlul Khan Lodi. It is a dominant trend in modern historiography of the period that this defeat was a cause of a large number of eunuchs in the military ranks. Finally, under Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultante was able to reconquer Jaunpur in 1493, bringing that sultanate to an end.

The Jaunpur Sultanate was a major center of Urdu and Sufi knowledge and culture. The Sharqi dynasty was known for its excellent communal relations between Muslims and Hindus, perhaps stemming from the fact that the Sharqis themselves were originally indigenous converts to Islam, as opposed to descendants of Persians or Afghans. Jaunpur's independence came to an end in 1480, when the city was conquered by Sikander Lodhi, the Sultan of Delhi. The Sharqi kings attempted for several years to retake the city, but ultimately failed.

Although many of the Sharqi monuments were destroyed when the Lodis took the city, several important mosques remain, most notably the Atala Masjid, Jama Masjid (now known as the Bari (big mosque) Masjid) and the Lal Darwaza Masjid. The Jaunpur mosques display a unique architectural style, combining traditional Hindu and Muslim motifs with purely original elements. The old bridge over the Gomti River in Jaunpur dates from 1564, the era of the MughalEmperor Akbar. The Jaunpur Qila, a fortress from the Tughlaq era, also remains in good form.

Jaunpur district was annexed into British India based on the Permanent settlement of 1779, and thus was subject to the Zamindari system of land revenue collection. During the Revolt of 1857 the Sikh troops in Jaunpur joined the Indian rebels. The district was eventually reconquered for the British by Gurkha troops from Nepal. Jaunpur then became a district administrative center.

Present state

Jaunpur is the district headquarters. The district has 2 Lok Sabha and 9 Vidhan Sabha constituencies.

Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census, Jaunpur had population of 1,80,362 of which male and female were 93,718 and 86,644 respectively. The literacy rate was 81.22 .With a sex ratio of 925 female per 1000 male. The district has a population density of 1,113 people per km².

Religion

See http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/150-jaunpur.html Hindi and Urdu are the main spoken languages in Jaunpur.

Rivers of Jaunpur

Gomti, Sai, Varuna, Pili, and Basuhi are the five rivers which make its land fertile.

Rail

Jaunpur is well-connected with all major cities of India thanks to Indian Railways. It has four major railway stations: Jaunpur City Railway Station(JOP) and Jaunpur Junction (JNU), Shahganj Junction (SHG), Janghai Junction, Kerakat railway station (KCT). Zafarabad (ZBD) also a railway station where's many train routes are diverted i.e. Allahababd, Varanasi, Lucknow Via Sultanpur, Lucknow via Shahgan, Ghazipur via Jaunpur junction.

Road

Jaunpur is well-connected to Lucknow, Gorakhpur, Varanasi, Allahabad and other cities like Azamgarh, Mirzapur, Janghai, Sultanpur, Kerakat, Ghazipur etc. NH-56, SH-36 are the roadways connecting all major cities to Jaunpur.

Rulers

Sharqi Dynasty

University

Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, formerly Purvanchal University, is in Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh. It is one of the educational hubs of eastern Uttar Pradesh, established in 1987 as a residential-cum-affiliating university. It is named after Vir Bahadur Singh, former chief minister of Uttar Pradesh.

Institutes

Jaunpur district has more than 50 Graduate and post graduate institutes and more than 200 undergraduate colleges and more than 300 colleges up to high school. There is also a Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya situated 21 km south from the district headquarters on Lumbini - Duddhi Road in Katghara Village near Mariahu Tehsil .

Schools

It has many C.B.S.E. affiliated and 1 I.C.S.E. affiliated schools along with schools recognized by U.P. board. top state board government college- Rashtriya intermediate college sujanganj

Top C.B.S.E. Board schools-

GS Global Academy Katehari-Leduka

Prasad International School

St. Patrick's Sr. Sec. School,

Dr. Rizvi Learners Academy,

Maa Durga Ji Sr. Sec. Vidyalaya,

St. Joseph,

Blossoms, etc.

I.C.S.E. board school-

St. Jephors School, Purani Bazar, Jaunpur

R.N.Tagore Sr. Secondary School (Near Shashwat Soni House)Sukkhipur,JAUNPUR

It has only 1 I.C.S.E. affiliated school known as St. John's School in siddiquepur.

Industries

GSG, GS Green Enterpriese Katehari- Leduka Jaunpur was established in March 2017 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 10 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

SIDA (Satharia Industrial Development Authority)

Satharia Industrial Development Authority was established in November 1989 by the Govt. of Uttar Pradesh, under U.P. Industrial Area Development Act, 1976 to facilitate concentrated effort on Industrial development of eastern Uttar Pradesh.

In its 1st phase of activity, the authority has a fully developed growth center area on 508 acres of land, under growth center scheme of Govt. of India.

Virtually all kind of industrial, commercial and social infrastructural facilities, such as Medical, Educational, Residential, Roads, Transportation, drainage, Telecommunication, dedicated industrial power 33/11 KV supply, post office, bank, water supply, community center, shopping center, field hostel etc., have been fully established and are operative.

Pepsico India Pvt. Ltd.

Pepsico Inc. is an American multinational food and beverage corporation headquartered in Purchase, New York, United States, with interests in the manufacturing, marketing and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products.

Hawkins Cooker Limited

Hawkins Cookers Limited is a company in India which manufactures pressure cookers and cookware based in Mumbai, Maharashtra. The company has three manufacturing plants at Wagle estate Thane, Hoshiarpur and Jaunpur.

Local Media

Mostly all major English, Hindi and Urdu dailies including Times of India, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Dainik Jagran, Amarujala, Hindustan, Rashtree Sahara, Inquilab, Hausla News available in Jaunpur. Hindi and Urdu dailies also have their bureaus in the city. Almost all big Hindi TV news channel have stringers in the city. Hindi newspaper Tarunmitra is also published from Jaunpur.

Landmarks

There are a number of tourist attractions in Jaunpur including monuments, and holy places.

Monuments

Religious Sites

Good for tourism..

Contact

DM Jaunpur Collectorate Compound Jaunpur-222002 Phone-(05452) 260666/220444, 260230(Fax) E-mail- dmjau[at]nic[dot]in

C K Singh 9838876011 Assistant Professor, Prasad Institute of Technology, Jaunpur and Financial Education Resource Person, SEBI

Local products