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Ifriqiya
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Ifriqiya or Ifriqiyah (Arabic: إفريقية Ifrīqya) or el-Maghrib el-Adna (Lower West) was the area during medieval history that comprises what is today Tunisia, Tripolitania (western Libya) and the Constantinois (eastern Algeria); all part of what was previously included in the Africa Province of the Roman Empire.
The southern boundary of Ifriqiya was far more unchallenged as bounded by the semi-arid areas and the salt marshes called el-Djerid. The northern and western boundaries fluctuated; at times as far north as Sicily otherwise just along the coastline, and the western boundary usually went as far as Bejaia. The capital was briefly Carthage, then Qayrawan (Kairouan), then Mahdia, then Tunis. The Arabs generally settled on the lower ground while the native population settled in the mountains.
The Aghlabids, from their base in Kairouan, initiated the invasion of Sicily beginning in 827 and establishing the Emirate of Sicily, which lasted until it was conquered by the Normans.
Ifriqiya onair aiesec in tunisia
Conquest phase
(Cyrenaica and Tripolitana conquered in 643 by Amr ibn al-As, organized as new province with regional capital at Barqa; first governors uncertain.)
Mu'awiya ibn Hudaij al-Kindi, c.665–666 — ruled from Barqa
Oqba ibn Nafi'i al-Fihri, 666–674 — conquered south Tunisia (Byzacena), founded Kairouan (670)
Oqba ibn Nafi'i al-Fihri, (restored), 681–683 — led cavalcade to Morocco, ostensibly bringing entire Maghreb under submission.
(Oqba killed. Arabs expelled from Byzacena, occupied by Awraba Berber chieftain Kusaila, 683–686)
Zuhair ibn Qais al-Balawi, 683–689 — initially only Barqa, recovered Byzacena in 686.
(Zohair killed. Berbers under Kahina recover Byzacena in 689. No clear Arab governor, 689–92).
Hassan ibn al-Nu'man al-Ghassani, 692–703 — initially only Barqa. Captured Carthage in 695 (lost again), then again in 698 (final). Permanent conquest of Ifriqiya, organized as new province, separately from Egypt, directly under Umayyad Caliph, with capital at Kairouan.
Umayyad Governors of Ifriqiya
Musa ibn Nusair al-Lakhmi, 703–715
(During conquest of Spain, Abd Allah ibn Musa was regent in Kairouan, while Musa was in al-Andalus, 712–715)
