Species Human Entrez 3682 | Human Mouse Ensembl ENSG00000083457 | |
Aliases ITGAE, CD103, HUMINAE, integrin subunit alpha E External IDs OMIM: 604682 MGI: 1298377 HomoloGene: 113560 GeneCards: ITGAE | ||
Integrin, alpha E (ITGAE) also known as CD103 (cluster of differentiation 103) is an integrin protein that in human is encoded by the ITGAE gene. CD103 binds integrin beta 7 (β7– ITGB7) to form the complete heterodimeric integrin molecule αEβ7, which has no distinct name. The αEβ7 complex is often referred to as "CD103" though this appellation strictly refers only to the αE chain. Note that the β7 subunit can bind with other integrin α chains, such as α4 (CD49d).
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Tissue distribution
CD103 is expressed widely on intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) T cells (both αβ T cells and γδ T cells) and on some peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs). It has also been reported on lamina propria T cells. A subset of dendritic cells in the gut mucosa and in mesenteric lymph nodes also expresses this marker and is known as CD103 DCs.
It is useful in identifying hairy cell leukemia which is positive for this marker in contrast to most other hematologic malignancies which are negative for CD103 except enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma.
Function
The chief ligand for αEβ7 is E-cadherin, an adhesion molecule (CAM) found on epithelial cells. It is probably important for T cell homing to the intestinal sites.
Tregs are important for decreasing the immune response and appear to play a crucial role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Tregs are defined as CD4+/CD25+/Foxp3+ cells. Some CD4+/FoxP3− cells also express CD103 and have been attributed regulatory activity. It is unclear whether the presence of CD103 on Treg cells represents a specialized feature for Treg, or Treg differentiation of IEL T cells.