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Hytrosaviridae is a family of double stranded DNA viruses that infect insects. The name is derived from Hytrosa, sigla from the Greek Hypertrophia for 'hypertrophy' and 'sialoadenitis' for 'salivary gland inflammation.'
Contents
Description
The viruses in this family are non occluded, enveloped, rod-shaped virons measuring 500–1,000 nanometers (nm) in length and 50–100 nm in diameter. The virons contain at least 35 polypeptides which range in size from 10 to 200 kiloDaltons.
The genome is a circular double stranded DNA molecule ranging in size from 120 to 190 kilobases. The G+C ratio varies between 28% and 44%.
Species in this family cause overt salivary gland hypertrophy symptoms in dipteran adults and partial to complete sterility.
Replication occurs in the nucleus of secretory epithelial cells of the salivary gland.
Transmission is either horizontally (per os) through feeding or vertically (transovarially) from mother to offspring.
Taxonomy
Two species are known in this family:
Glossina hytrosavirus
Musca hytrosavirus
One other species has tentatively been placed in this family:
Merodon equestris hytrosavirus
Host species
Virology
Prevalence of this virus is high (80%) in Glossina pallidipes.
The viral DNA polymerase encoded is type B.