Related compounds Molar mass 164.14 g/mol | Formula H8N2O6S Density 1.88 g/cm³ | |
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Appearance white crystalline to fine product, slightly hygroscopic | ||
Hydroxylammonium sulfate industry cas 10039 54 0 industry
Hydroxylammonium sulfate (NH3OH)2SO4, is the sulfuric acid salt of hydroxylamine. It is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is explosive when pure.
Contents
Synthesis
Hydroxylammonium sulfate can be obtained by the acid-base reaction of hydroxylamine with sulfuric acid:
2NH2OH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH3OH)2SO4(aq)Applications
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in organic synthesis to convert aldehydes and ketones to oximes, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (e.g. esters) to hydroxamic acids, isocyanates to N-hydroxyureas and nitriles to amidoximes. Hydroxylammonium sulfate is also used to generate hydroxylamine-O-sulfonic acid from oleum or chlorosulfuric acid.
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is used in the production of anti-skinning agents, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, plastics and detergents. It is a radical scavenger that terminates radical polymerization reactions and serves as an antioxidant in natural rubber. (NH3OH)2SO4 is a starting material for some insecticides, herbicides and growth regulators. It is used in photography as a stabiliser for colour developers and as an additive in photographic emulsions in colour film.
Decomposition
At 120 °C, hydroxylammonium sulfate begins to decompose to sulfur trioxide, nitrous oxide, water, and ammonia:
2(NH3OH)2SO4 → 2SO3 + N2O + 2NH3 + 5H2OThe reaction is exothermic above 138 °C, and is most exothermic at 177 °C. Metals (especially copper, its alloys and its salts) catalyse the decomposition of hydroxylammonium sulfate. The instability of this compound is mainly due to the hydroxylammonium ion's weak nitrogen to oxygen single bond.