Name Hugh Saint | Died 1106, Jordan | |
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Hugh of Fauquembergues, also known as Hugh of St Omer, Hugh of Falkenberg or Hugh of Falchenberg (died in 1105 or 1106) was Prince of Galilee from 1101 to his death. He was Lord of Fauquembergues before joining the First Crusade. Baldwin I of Jerusalem granted him Galilee after its first prince, Tancred, who was Baldwin's opponent, had voluntarily renounced it. Hugh assisted Baldwin against the Fatimids and made raids into Seljuk territories. He established the castles of Toron and Chastel Neuf (at present-day Tebnine and Hunin, respectively). He died fighting against Toghtekin, Atabeg of Damascus.
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Early life
Hugh's parentage is unknown, but he was descended from the powerful family of the hereditary castellans of Saint-Omer. He was the lord of the nearby Fauquembergues. A contemporary poetry written by an unknown author listed Hugh among the first crusaders from the Diocese of Thérouanne. No primary sources recorded in whose retinue he reached the Holy Land.
Historian Thomas Asbridge writes, Hugh most probably accompanied Baldwin of Boulogne. Baldwin and his elder brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lower Lorraine, departed for the crusade on 15 August 1096. Baldwin took control of Jerusalem after the death of his brother. He was crowned king on 25 December 1100.
Tancred, Prince of Galilee did not recognize Baldwin as king, but their conflict was soon resolved. Noblemen came from the Principality of Antioch and asked Tancred to assume the administration of the principality on behalf of his relative, Bohemond I of Antioch, who had been captured by Turk troops. Tancred accepted the offer and renounced Galilee in March 1101, but he also stipulated that the king should grant the same land "as a fief" to him if he returned to the kingdom within fifteen months.
Prince of Galilee
Baldwin divided Tancred's large fief in two, granting Tiberias and its region to Hugh of Fauquembergues, but giving Haifa to Geldemar Carpenel, who had alredy claimed it from Tancred. An Egyptian army invaded the Kingdom of Jerusalem from the south in early September 1101. The king decided to attack the invaders near Ramla at dawn on 7 September. He divided his troops into five corps, appointing Hugh to command the third corps. The Egyptians annihilated the first two corps of the crusader army and also defeated Hugh and his troops. Thinking that the battle was lost, Hugh fled from the battlefield and hurried to Jaffa to inform the queen about the catastrophe. However, the battle was not lost, because the king made a surprise attack against the Egyptians and defeated them.
The Egyptians launched a new invasion against the kingdom in May 1102. Hugh and his 80 knights hurried from Galilee to assist the royal army, but by the time they reached Arsuf on 19 May, the Egyptians had defeated the crusaders at Ramla. At Arsuf, they met the king who had escaped before the battle to muster new troops. The Egyptians laid siege to Jaffa where the queen was staying. The king sailed from Arsuf to Jaffa on the ship on an English adventurer, while Hugh and his troops rode on the coastline. The Egyptians could not prevent the king from entering the town, and he helped Hugh and retainers to also break through the Egyptian troops around Jaffa. The arrival of hundreds of English, French and Italian pilgrims enabled Baldwin to make a counter-attack, forcing the Egyptians to lift the siege on 27 May.
Hugh pursued an aggressive policy against the Muslim rulers. Hugh ordered the erection of the fortresses of Toron and Chastel Neuf to control the road between Damascus and Tyre. The two castles were finished in the autumn of 1105. Before long, Hugh made a plundering raid against the territories over Chastel Neuf. When he was returning to his principality, taking much booty with him, Toghtekin, Atabeg of Damascus, ambushed him. During the skirmish, an arrow killed Hugh and Toghtekin soon captured Chastel Neuf. Hugh's brother, Gerard, did not long survive him. Hugh fathered two daughters, according to the Lignages d'Outremer, but Galilee was granted to Gervase of Bazoches, a knight from Northern France.